Chapter 2 Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

Hypothesis

A

carefully formulated statement that may be either verified or discarded on the bassis of the examination of relevant data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Variables

A

are attitudes, behaviors, or conditions that can vary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Independent variable

A

One that affects another variable. A change in the independent variable causes the other variable to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dependent variable

A

A variable in which change is caused by an independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Research methods

A

The research tools used by sociologists, such as surveys, that help to generate new knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Experimental group

A

In research, a group of subjects that receives special treatment designed by the researcher so that the effects of that treatment may be studied (compare with control group)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

control group

A

In research, a group of subjects that does not receive special treatment designed for an experimental group. The control group serves as a baseline of comparison for the experimental group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bias

A

Unwanted influences that can produce research results that are invalid or without foundation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sample

A

A set of subjects that is representative of the total population of subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

random

A

A system of sample selection in which every individual in the total population has an equal chance of being selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

open-ended research questions

A

In research, exploratory questions that leave the sociologist flexibility in deciding what should be considered relevant data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

experimental research

A

Research conducted to determine how a particular organism or object is affected by different types of treatment selected by the researcher (compare with weld research and historical research)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

field research

A

Research conducted at the place where the subjects are located so that the researcher may gain information through first-hand observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

passive observation

A

A type of field research in which the researcher observes the group and records the events for later analysis and interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

participant observation

A

A type of field research in which the researcher plays an active role in the group to the point where he or she becomes an active participant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

survey

A

A type of research in which the participants fill out a questionnaire or answers questions in person or over the phone

17
Q

tracking

A

A policy in many schools wherein students are grouped for instruction on the basis of the presumption that their past classroom performance

18
Q

gatekeepers

A

Schools that open different doors of opportunity for different student populations through such policies as tracking, thus depriving students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds of knowledge and schools credentials that could facilitate their future upward mobility

19
Q

historical research

A

A type of research that is concerned with establishing facts about the past

20
Q

primary sources

A

Sources of information used in historical research that have not been interpreted, evaluated, or analyzed by others, for example, original records, diaries, official documents, eyewitness accounts, and oral histories

21
Q

secondary sources

A

Sources of information used in historical research that have been interpreted, evaluated, or analyzed by others, for example, publications of scholars

22
Q

secondary data analysis

A

The analysis of data that have already been gathered by others, often for totally different purposes.