Chapter 10

Question 0

Late stages of HIV infection characterized by severe infections. Is often an STD

Answer 0

AIDS

Question 1

Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by A

Answer 1

Adenine

Question 2

Found on tRNA molecules - sequence of three molecules that is complementary to codon in mRNA

Answer 2

Anticodon

Question 3

A virus that affects and “eats” a bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteriophage

Question 4

Nucleotides added to beginning of mRNA

Answer 4

Cap

Question 5

Three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies amino acid/polypeptide termination signal. A basic unit of genetic coding

Answer 5

Codon

Question 6

Nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA - represented by C

Answer 6

Cytosine

Question 7

Enzyme that assembles DNA using a preexisting strand of DNA as a template

Answer 7

DNA polymerase

Question 8

Virus that has appeared suddenly or recently come to attention

Answer 8

Emerging virus

Question 9

Coding portion of a gene in eukaryotes

Answer 9

Exon

Question 10

Set of rules giving correspondence between nucleotides in mRNA and proteins

Answer 10

genetic code

Question 11

Nitrogenous base represented by G

Answer 11

Guanine

Question 12

Virus that attakcs human immune system and causes AIDS

Answer 12

HIV

Question 13

Noncoding portion of a gene that is removed from RNA transcription

Answer 13

Intron

Question 14

Bacteriophage reproductive cycle where genome is incorporated into host and reproduces

Answer 14

Lysogenic cycle

Question 15

Release of viruses in a cell by cellular lysing (breaking open)

Answer 15

Lytic cycle

Question 16

Codes information from DNA and coveys it to ribosomes in order to make RNA

Answer 16

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 17

Study of molecular basis of heredity

Answer 17

Molecular biology

Question 18

Chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes mutations

Answer 18

Mutagen

Question 19

Five carbon sugar covalently bonded to nitrogenous base and a phosphate group - building block of nucleic acids

Answer 19

Nucleotide

Question 20

Polymer made up of many nucleotides

Answer 20

Polynucleotide

Question 21

Infectious protein that spreads by converting more proteins

Answer 21

Prion

Question 22

Where transcription begins - nucleotide sequence and bonding site for RNA

Answer 22

Promoter

Question 23

Phage DNA that has inserted to DNA of a prokaryotic chromosome

Answer 23

Prophage

Question 24

Viral DNA that inserts into a host genome

Answer 24

Provirus

Question 25

RNA virus that reproduces by removing existing RNA strand and entering DNA code

Answer 25

Retrovirus

Question 26

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA onto RNA

Answer 26

Reverse transcriptase

Question 27

Type of ribonucleic acid that makes up ribosomes - most abundant type of RNA

Answer 27

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 28

Enzyme that links strand of RNA using DNA strand as a template

Answer 28

RNA polymerase

Question 29

Removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA. Forms mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence

Answer 29

RNA splicing

Question 30

On mRNA, specific nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which further tRNA molecule binds and begins to translate genetic info

Answer 30

Start codon

Question 31

In mRNA, one of the three nucleotide sequences (UAG,UAA,UGA) that signals gene translation to stop

Answer 31

Stop codon

Question 32

Alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which DNA and RNA bind

Answer 32

Sugar phosphate backbone

Question 33

Extra nucleotides at the end of RNA transcript

Answer 33

Tail

Question 34

Special sequence in DNA that marks end of a gene. Signals new RNA molecule to release

Answer 34

Terminator

Question 35

Nitrogenous base represented by T

Answer 35

Thymine

Question 36

Synthesis of RNA on a DNA template

Answer 36

Transcription

Question 37

Ribonucleic acid that transfers info from mRNA

Answer 37

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 38

Synthesis of polypeptide using information in mRNA

Answer 38

Translation

Question 39

Nitrogenous base represented by U - found only in RNA

Answer 39

Uracil

Question 40

Microscopic particle capable of transferring genetic information into host cell. Can cause disease

Answer 40

Virus