Flashcards in Chapter 10: Adrenergic Pharmacology Deck (52)
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1
alpha-methyltyrosine
inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase (RL step) to prevent formation of catecholamines
Not really used clinically because there are better medications for hypertension
2
reserpine
irreversibly inhibits VMAT so that vesicles cannot store dopamine and NE
Not really used clinically since it is irreversible
But can be used to assess what concentration of a drug is needed
3
Guanethidine
acts as a "false neurotransmitter" and is transported into neurons by NET....essentially displaces NE
can lead to postural hypotension or hypotension after exercise
TX: hypertension
Don't use with MAOI
4
Guanadrel
Same as Guanethidine
Tx: hypertension
5
Amphetamine
MOA: displace catecholamines from storage, block NE reuptake by NET, weakly inhibit MAO
TX: ADHD & narcolepsy
Lots of side effects (addiction potential, loss of appetite, irritability, ED)
6
Methylphenidate
MOA: displaces catecholamines from storage vesicles, blocks NE reuptake by NET, weakly inhibit MAO
TX: ADHD
A lot of side effects
7
Pseudophedrine
MOA: inhibits catecholamine storage in vesicles
TX: allergic rhinitis & nasal decongestion
"Sudafed" - over the counter decongestant
DO NOT USE W MAOIs
8
Cocaine
MOA: inhibit NET reuptake (allows accumulation of NE in synpatic cleft)
TX: sometimes local anesthetic; drug abuse
9
Imipramine
Same as Cocaine
10
Amitriptyline
Basically same as Cocaine; used as an antidepressant
11
Phenelzine
MAOI for depression tx
12
Iproniazid
MAOI for depression tx
13
Tranylcypromine
MAOI for depression tx
14
Selegiline
MAOI used for Parkinson tx
15
Why can't you use MAOIs with SSRIs?
BAD NEWS! SEROTONIN SYNDROME! = seizures, coma, death
16
What type of foods must you avoid if taking MAOIs?
Fermented foods that contain tyrosine - think red wine or aged cheese.
Why? Risk of hypertensive crisis.
17
Nemonic for 3 major MAOIs?
When you're in the PITS, take MAOIs
P - phenelzine
I - iproniazid
T - tranylcypromise
S - selegiline
18
Alpha 1 agonist function?
increase peripheral resistance to maintain or increase blood pressure
19
Methoxamine
MOA: alpha 1 agonist
TX: hypotension, shock
Very limited clinical use for Shock
20
Phenylephrine
Oxymetazoline
Tetrahydrozoline
the "POT" triad
MOA: alpha 1 agonist
TX: nasal congestion
Use over the counter for nasal congestion, eye congestion
Rebound symptoms are common is used for over 3 days...sick. literally.
*when you smoke pot your eyes get red and runny! use POT!
21
Alpha 2 agonist function?
Inhibits sympathetic outflow from the CNS --> lowers blood pressure
22
Clonidine
MOA: alpha 2 agonist
TX: hypertension, opioid withdrawal, cancer pain
23
Dexmedetomidine
MOA: alpha 2 agonist
TX: sedation of surgical and ICU patients
ANESTHESTIC - LIKE!
24
Methyldopa
MOA: alpha 2 agonist
TX: hypertension in Preggo Ladies
25
Beta 1 agonist function?
stimulates heart and raises BP via renin
26
Beta 2 agonist function?
relaxes smooth muscle and increases gluceoneogenesis
Think of bronchodilation for ASTHMA
27
Isoprotenol
Non-selective B1 B2 agonist, meaning it can help with asthma buttt
you will also have adverse heart effects
- increased HR, irregular respirations, etc.
28
Dobutamine
This is the dude with the weird racemic mixture crap! Basically A1 agonist/antagonist actions cancel each other out so you're left with:
B1 agonist behavior
TX: IV for urgent & severe heart failure
29
Metaproterenol
MOA: B2 selective agonist
Asthma
30
Terbutaline
MOA: B2 selective agonist
Asthma
31
Albuterol
MOA: B2 selective agonist
Asthma
32
Salmeterol
MOA: B2 selective agonist
Asthma
33
Phenoxybenzamine
MOA: irreversibly BLOCKS a1 and a2 (antagonist)
TX: hypertension and sweating
34
Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
MOA: a1 antagonist (blocks 'em up)
TX: hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplaisa
Because postural hypotension is big risk, small doses given at first.
35
Which has the shortest half life? Prazosin, terazosin, or doxazosin?
prazosin
36
Tamsulosin
MOA: a1 antagonist
TX: benign prostatic hyperplasia
* has specificity for genitourinary tract
37
Drugs used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?
SINS!
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin
38
Yohimbine
MOA: a2 antagonist (binds to self receptor to increase release of neurotransmitters)
TX: Impotence/ED
Do not use with psych patients, mind altering drugs, ulcers, preggos...
"Yo, Him, get it up!"
39
Nemonic for B adrenergic antagonists? Major use?
LOLs (the beta blockers!) for hypertension
40
Propanolol
MOA: B1 B2 blocker
TX: hypertension
May result in decrease libido
41
Serious or common side effects of beta blockers? Don't want to use these if you have ____?
Bronchospasm and wheezing - so you don't want to use these if you have asthma or heart issues!!!
42
Which beta blocker would you avoid with a patient with liver issues? Why?
labetalol - can cause hepatotxicity/liver damage.
43
Which beta blocker would you use to treat hypertension if the patient has bradycardia or limited cardiac reserve?
Pindolol
44
What beta blocker would you use for emergency B blockage, thyroid storm? Hint: very very short half life
Esmolol (half life of only 3-4 minutes)
45
Which drug used to treat hypertension has a high risk of postural hypotension, or hypotension following exercise?
Guanethidine or guandrel
46
What drug would you use to assess whether the effect of a drug requires concentraion at presynaptic terminals?
Reserpine
47
Typical type of drugs to treat depression? Name 3 specifically
PITS -
phenelzine
iproniazid
tranylcypromine
48
What drug can be used to both treat hypertension and symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
Clonidine
49
What drug would you use to treat hypertension in a pregnant female?
Methyldopa
50
What beta agonist can be used to treat urgent heart failure?
dobutamine
51
What alpha antagonist would you use to treat ED?
Yohimbine
52
