Chapter 10 - Attitudes To Empire - The Role And Influence Of Individuals

Question 1

Who were the main individuals of the Empire 1890-1914?

Answer 1

Joseph Chamberlain
Cecil Rhodes
Viceroy Curzon
Evelyn Baring
Alfred Milner

Question 2

What did Chamberlain turn down other roles to be?

Answer 2

Secretary of State for the Colonies

Question 3

What was he before he was a Liberal Member of Parliament?

Answer 3

Mayor of Birmingham

Question 4

What were his actions?

Answer 4

Initiated the Uganda Railway
Allowed the annexation of Ashantiland
Supervised Royal Niger Company
Supported Jameson Raid
In charge when success in Boer War

Question 5

What did Chamberlain chair to propose imperial defence + customs union?

Answer 5

Colonial Conferences 1897 + 1902

Question 6

Who did these conferences only include?

Answer 6

Self-governing white settler colonies
Rejected C ideas

Question 7

What was C a strong advocate of?

Answer 7

‘Colonial development’
Invested in less profitable areas of empire - believes it’s his imperial duty

Question 8

How was C viewed in the Boer war 1899?

Answer 8

National hero

Question 9

What campaign did he start?

Answer 9

Tariff reform
Give colonies imperial preference + access to duty free B market

Question 10

What distributed large numbers of leaflets + played C recorded messages?

Answer 10

A Tariff Reform League

Question 11

What did he think favourable trade would do?

Answer 11

Benefit B
Reduce unemployment

Question 12

What did he fail to do?

Answer 12

Get support of cons
Failed to convince public -feared rises in cost of living

Question 13

What were the voting results in 1906?

Answer 13

Gave Liberals their greatest majority since 1830s
Chamberlain had a stroke shortly after + political career over

Question 14

What had Cecil Rhodes been promoted to?

Answer 14

PM of Cape Colony in 1890

Question 15

What did he convince people of using his power, fortune + newspapers?

Answer 15

It was the right + duty of Anglo-Saxons to dominate Africa + beyond

Question 16

What did he want up link B rule?

Answer 16

From North of SA to Egypt + Sudan

Question 17

What did he do in 1899?

Answer 17

Sent settlers to Fort Salisbury
To open up territory
Known as the Rhodesias in his honour

Question 18

What was his big project?

Answer 18

A railway line from Cape to Bechuanaland - then eventually Nile

Question 19

Why was this never completed?

Answer 19

German occupation of East Africa in 1891

Question 20

When did Rhodes resign from his post as PM?

Answer 20

1896
After Jameson Raid
Died 6 years later

Question 21

What publicity work did he do to promote the empire?

Answer 21

Funds helped to support BE after death + create a pressure group called the Round Table in 1910

Question 22

Who were the main colonial administrators?

Answer 22

Viceroy Curzon
Evelyn Baring
Alfred Milner

Question 23

What did PM Salisbury appoint Curzon in 1899?

Answer 23

Viceroy of India

Question 24

What did Curzon produce from his travels?

Answer 24

Books on Russia + Persia

Question 25

What did he create when he was concerned with Russian expansion?

Answer 25

The North-West Frontier Province 1901 (A province in N Pakistan between Afghanistan and Jammu and Kashmir: part of British India from 1901 until 1947; of strategic importance, esp for the Khyber Pass.)

Question 26

What did he believe?

Answer 26

That B had a moral imperial duty

Question 27

What actions did he do in India?

Answer 27

Improved administration + agriculture - irrigation projects Re-armed native regiments Expanded provincial police Promoted medical + scientific research 6,000 miles of railway

Question 28

What did he create to give Indian Nobles military roles and officer positions?

Answer 28

Imperial Cadets Corps

Question 29

What ways did he honour colonial India?

Answer 29

Delhi Durbar 1903 Restored Taj Mahal

Question 30

What was his opinion of Indians?

Answer 30

Saw them as less than him Was wary of giving them responsibility

Question 31

What did he do to try and settle disputes in Bengal?

Answer 31

Partition of Bengal Backfired + resigned same year

Question 32

What was Evelyn Baring's role in the BE?

Answer 32

Consul-General in Egypt

Question 33

What did he believe?

Answer 33

Imperialism should be based on Christian morals

Question 34

What Doctrine did he create?

Answer 34

'Granville Doctrine' Could dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept B directives

Question 35

What was the structure of Egypt classed as?

Answer 35

Veiled protectorate B actually had all the power Worked as Tewfiq was weak and happy with structure

Question 36

Why was the Egyptian army disbanded?

Answer 36

Seen as untrustworthy New army was organised like B in India

Question 37

What did Baring do in Egypt?

Answer 37

Dealt with budget, irrigation projects + helped economics

Question 38

When did he believe B control in Egypt would end?

Answer 38

When Egyptian people had learned proper self-governance

Question 39

What did the new leader Abbas Hilmi II want to do?

Answer 39

Overthrow B - created nationalist movement Bullied into submission

Question 40

What did Baring see as a big problem in Egypt?

Answer 40

Arabian customs: Acceptance of slavery Treatment of women Justice system

Question 41

What changes did he make?

Answer 41

Stopped slavery in E Outlawed kurbash (leather whip) Stopped drugs coming in by creating Camel corps Regulated alcohol sales Closed gambling houses Stopped money lending - made a bank

Question 42

Why was he forced to resign?

Answer 42

After Denshawai

Question 43

What did parliament award Baring for his 'eminent services'?

Answer 43

£50,000

Question 44

What did he do when he returned to B?

Answer 44

Prevented women's political rights as President of the men's league

Question 45

What was Milner's role in the BE?

Answer 45

Was administrator in Egypt Then B High Commissioner for Southern Africa

Question 46

Who did he share views with?

Answer 46

Chamberlain

Question 47

What did he create that were named after him?

Answer 47

English-speaking 'Milner schools'

Question 48

What did he want?

Answer 48

Full citizenship rights for the Uitilanders after 5 years residence By Bloemfontein Conference decided to use force

Question 49

What is he known most for?

Answer 49

Taking B into the Boer War

Question 50

What did Milner do when B annexed Orange Free State + Transvaal?

Answer 50

Took over administration of these areas

Question 51

What did he negotiate as High Commissioner?

Answer 51

The Peace of Vereeniging

Question 52

What did he do after the war?

Answer 52

Him + 'Milners Kindergarten' - lawyers, helped resettle Boers + promoted economic growth

Question 53

What did he want to do?

Answer 53

Increase B settlers Eventually had to employ Chinese to make up labour shortfall - were badly treated + B public found out