Chapter 2 - Imperial And Colonial Policy

Question 1

What dealt with policy decisions of oversea territories?

Answer 1

The colonial office

Question 2

What report meant that Britain was moving towards a system of ‘responsible government’ in the white settler colonies?

Answer 2

Durham report

Question 3

What company had seen the expansion of influence in India originally?

Answer 3

The British East India Company

Question 4

What business structure did the EIC have over India?

Answer 4

A monopoly

Question 5

How many people were in the EIC army in 1803?

Answer 5

250,000

Question 6

What year did the EIC hand it’s rule over to the British government?

Answer 6

1858

Question 7

What were the terms in The Government of India Act 1858?

Answer 7

EIC territory passed to the Queen
The position of Secretary of State for India was created
15 members to support SofS
Crown appointed Viceroy
India Civil Service controlled by Secretary of State

Question 8

What was the Raj?

Answer 8

Formal British rule in India
1858 - 1947

Question 9

What was the priority for the British government during the Raj?

Answer 9

To keep control

Question 10

What was Queen Victoria made?

Answer 10

Empress of India

Question 11

What event happened in 1876-78?

Answer 11

Bengal famine

Question 12

How many people died in the Bengal famine?

Answer 12

15%

Question 13

What did the Viceroy do?

Answer 13

Ran government affairs in India through legislative council of 5 people

Question 14

What sectors did the legislative council control?

Answer 14

Finance
Law
Army
Economy
Home affairs

Question 15

How was the Viceroy represented in the provinces?

Answer 15

By provincial governors

Question 16

How many British civil servants helped run the Raj?

Answer 16

~ 1000

Question 17

Who took up most official posts?

Answer 17

White males

Question 18

Who did the viceroy also rely on to rule?

Answer 18

Native rulers

Question 19

What was removed to help ensure princes loyalty?

Answer 19

‘Doctrine of lapse’

Question 20

What was the ‘doctrine of lapse’?

Answer 20

It mean that if the rulers didn’t have an heir the status would be taken by the British

Question 21

How many provinces were there in India?

Answer 21

8

Question 22

What percent of India was ruled by princely states?

Answer 22

40%

Question 23

What other administrative jobs were there?

Answer 23

Collecting taxes
Maintenance of law
Running the courts

Question 24

What law was used in India?

Answer 24

English law

Question 25

What area of law was shown more respect after the Indian Mutiny?

Answer 25

Marriage and family law

Question 26

What was actively discouraged?

Answer 26

Missionaries

Question 27

Was there much change seen by the Indians from company to Raj rule?

Answer 27

No - usually same people still ruling + princes ruling on behalf of Raj

Question 28

What was set up that showed increasing political awareness?

Answer 28

The Indian National Congress 1885

Question 29

What happened in the Indian National Congress?

Answer 29

Discuss public affairs - not set up to challenge British rule

Question 30

What Prime Minister named Queen Victoria Empress?

Answer 30

Benjamin Disraeli

Question 31

What was the ratio of British to Indian troops?

Answer 31

1:2

Question 32

What were officer rankings reserved for?

Answer 32

British soldiers

Question 33

What were Native Indian troops mixed by?

Answer 33

Caste and religion

Question 34

What did the army enlist more of?

Answer 34

Sikhs and Gurkhas

Question 35

Why were more Sikhs and Gurkhas recruited?

Answer 35

They were loyal to Britain in the mutiny

Question 36

Who didn’t control artillery?

Answer 36

Native troops

Question 37

What was the caste system?

Answer 37

Separated at birth into different social strata

Question 38

What else helped India’s defence?

Answer 38

Railways

Question 39

When was the first passenger train launched in India?

Answer 39

1853

Question 40

Where were Indian troops deployed to help?

Answer 40

Arabi Pasha’s rebellion in Egypt

Question 41

Why were they deployed?

Answer 41

To look like pawns for the British empire rather than defenders of India

Question 42

What European powers became threats?

Answer 42

Germany France Russia

Question 43

Why was Germany becoming a threat?

Answer 43

Newly united Expanding its navy Growing industrial power Wanted to emulate Britain’s empire Growing economy

Question 44

Why was France becoming a threat?

Answer 44

Wanted to regain prestige after Franco-Prussian war Gained territory in south east Asia and Africa

Question 45

Why was Russia becoming more of a threat?

Answer 45

Had large areas of Central Asia incl Afghanistan Wanted to conquer parts of the Ottoman Empire Large in population Starting to expand industrially Building railways

Question 46

When was the global economic depression?

Answer 46

1873 and 1896

Question 47

What did countries do with domestic demand falling in the UK?

Answer 47

Sell to new markets in Asia and Africa

Question 48

What was the race for land in Africa called?

Answer 48

Scramble for Africa

Question 49

How many conferences were held to decide African territory?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

What was the first conference called?

Answer 50

The Brussels conference

Question 51

When was the Brussels conference held?

Answer 51

1876

Question 52

Who hosted the Brussels Conference?

Answer 52

King Leopold II of Belgium

Question 53

What was the Brussels Conference for?

Answer 53

To protect Belgian interests in the Congo

Question 54

What did the Brussels Conference conclude?

Answer 54

Africans were incapable of of developing their natural resources - European intervention necessary Routes to Africa’s Great Lakes needed to be developed by building roads or railways An international African Association should be established to coordinate European efforts

Question 55

What unintentionally came out of the Brussels convention?

Answer 55

Heightened competition - unsure of Leopold’s intentions

Question 56

What was a famous quote from Leopold II speech?

Answer 56

‘Piecing the darkness’

Question 57

What could ‘piecing the darkness’ be interpreted as?

Answer 57

Lack of perceived cultural advancements Playing off of racial ideology

Question 58

What was the second conference called?

Answer 58

The Berlin Conference

Question 59

When was the Berlin Conference held?

Answer 59

1884-5

Question 60

Who hosted the Berlin Conference?

Answer 60

German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck

Question 61

How many European states attended?

Answer 61

14 + USA

Question 62

What did the Berlin Conference do?

Answer 62

Separate Africa for European countries to own

Question 63

In 1884 how much of Africa was still controlled by local tribes?

Answer 63

90%

Question 64

What was made in the General Act in the Berlin Conference?

Answer 64

All nations could trade in the Congo Protect indigenous people and suppress the slave trade Powers should support, religious, scientific, or charitable causes Should notify signers of the act if wanting more land

Question 65

What was the principle of the act known by?

Answer 65

Effective occupation

Question 66

By 1900 how much of Africa was occupied?

Answer 66

90%

Question 67

What did A.J.P refer to Africa as?

Answer 67

A safe arena

Question 68

What did the spheres of influence not take into consideration?

Answer 68

Natural borders Ethnic division Linguistic division Religious division

Question 69

What was the informal empire?

Answer 69

Areas that Britain had influence on but had no legal claim over

Question 70

How much public capital did Britain have in Latin America?

Answer 70

£80 million

Question 71

Where was the Royal Navy used to secure ‘free trade’ agreements?

Answer 71

Peru and Chile