Chapter 23 - Post-colonial Ties

Question 1

Who did B still have strong ties with?

Answer 1

Former colonies

Question 2

What stayed on in these new ‘nation states’?

Answer 2

Parliaments
Ministries
Wigged judges
B style legal systems
Some Expats stayed to advise

Question 3

What took place every two years?

Answer 3

Commonwealth Conferences
Attended by PMs
All in London except 1

Question 4

What did the Commonwealth help to do?

Answer 4

Reinforce B position
Strong diplomatic network
Helped B be on the UN security council

Question 5

What was the Commonwealth not?

Answer 5

A military alliance
But B still recruited commonwealth citizens as they were still eligible to serve in B forces

Question 6

Who remained a symbol of the Commonwealth?

Answer 6

The Queen
She had regular visits
Did Christmas speeches

Question 7

What were members of the Commonwealth still eligible for?

Answer 7

B honours

Question 8

What stayed as one of the world’s major financial centres?

Answer 8

London

Question 9

What did B come out of the empire with?

Answer 9

Multi-national countries
Overseas investment portfolio
Trading links

Question 10

What did the B govt attempt to do?

Answer 10

Keep ex-colonies in the Sterling Area

Question 11

What encouraged migration away from B to countries like Australia, Canada and New Zealand?

Answer 11

Continuation of rationing until 1954
Demand for labour elsewhere

Question 12

Between 1946 + 1957 how many people left B for the dominions?

Answer 12

1 million

Question 13

How much of the pop were in contact with relatives in the Dominions?

Answer 13

25%

Question 14

How were men further down in society only likely to experience the Empire + Commonwealth?

Answer 14

Through National service
Could be in Suez, Kenya or Malaya

Question 15

What slowed down migration away from B?

Answer 15

By late 1950’s:
Improved living standards
Full employment

Question 16

What in 1960 closed off an outlet of travel to the ex-Empire?

Answer 16

Abolition of National service

Question 17

Why had there been little direct exposure of the Empire to the B?

Answer 17

Only small numbers of colonial immigrants settling in B

Question 18

What was passed as recognition of the Empire’s war-time contribution?

Answer 18

B Nationality Act 1948
Gave full citizenship + entry to all in ex-Empire + Commonwealth

Question 19

As the B economy was recovering what was there a lot of?

Answer 19

Well-paid work for the unskilled in factories
B govt encouraged migration for this

Question 20

What sectors took these unskilled workers?

Answer 20

Public transport
NHS

Question 21

How many employees did London Transport take in 1956?

Answer 21

4000
Mostly from Barbados

Question 22

What did people do with the money?

Answer 22

Some brought the rest of their family over
Some earned enough to return home

Question 23

What was no action taken in?

Answer 23

Stopping immigration
Helping migrants settle

Question 24

What was a significant event of migration?

Answer 24

The Windrush

Question 25

Where did most migrants come from?

Answer 25

India Pakistan West Africa Cyprus

Question 26

Where did most of them stay?

Answer 26

London Birmingham In Oldham where they needed labour for textiles

Question 27

Why did prejudices and anxieties grow?

Answer 27

Post-war boom slackened People were worried that B cultural + national identity would be diluted Wanted to protect houses + jobs

Question 28

Where did many of the immigrants live?

Answer 28

The poorest houses in the least desirable parts of town

Question 29

Who increased white extremism?

Answer 29

Mosely Union Movement Spread leaflets + spread scare stories Had 8.1% of the vote

Question 30

What gang was youths attacking black people in Nottingham + Notting Hill?

Answer 30

Teddy boys

Question 31

In a survey in 1962 what percentage of people said there were too many immigrants in B already?

Answer 31

80%

Question 32

How many people came in each year between 1962 + 1965?

Answer 32

50,000

Question 33

By 1967 what was B black pop?

Answer 33

Nearly 1 million

Question 34

What effort was made to encourage groups to mix socially?

Answer 34

Notting Hill Carnival Bands, costumes, dancing, Caribbean food

Question 35

What did a survey show in North London in 1965?

Answer 35

Many refused to work or live near immigrants 9/10 dispproved of mixed marriages

Question 36

What TV series characterised extreme racists?

Answer 36

Till Death Do us Part

Question 37

What did Conservatives from the West Midlands encourage?

Answer 37

Pressure Groups like the Birmingham Immigration Control Association

Question 38

What acts of violence did mostly working class communities do?

Answer 38

Girls kicked going to school Stone, eggs + tomatoes thrown 'paki-bashing'

Question 39

What was created to control escalating immigration?

Answer 39

The 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act Work permit scheme put in place Irish exempt

Question 40

Who found it most difficult to gain these permits?

Answer 40

Unskilled black workers 12 months following only 34,500 arrived

Question 41

What did the Act encourage?

Answer 41

Immigrants to put down roots as they feared they couldn't return

Question 42

What did the new labour govt do?

Answer 42

Reduced vouchers Barred children from under 16 entering B

Question 43

What attempt was made to reduce tensions?

Answer 43

1965 Race Relations Act It forbade discrimination excluding in housing + workplaces

Question 44

As race discrimination was not a criminal offense, where could people be tried?

Answer 44

Race Relations Board

Question 45

What did the Race Relations Board do?

Answer 45

Made statistics + reports Held hearings

Question 46

Out of the 982 complaints how many were dismissed through lack of evidence?

Answer 46

734

Question 47

What was very positive about this immigration?

Answer 47

Made B into a more multi-cultural society

Question 48

What were becoming part of B culture?

Answer 48

Asian corner shops Chinese take-aways Black actors

Question 49

What TV dramas featured black actors?

Answer 49

Emergency Ward 10 Z Cars

Question 50

Why did English speaking West Indians find it easier to be accepted?

Answer 50

They were mostly Christian

Question 51

Why did Muslim Indian, and Pakistani people find it harder?

Answer 51

They were often very hard working Didn't consume alcohol - pub culture

Question 52

When was 'Empire day' abolished?

Answer 52

1962

Question 53

What was a sign of solidarity with B?

Answer 53

Australia + Fiji still had union jack in the corner of their flags

Question 54

What had been lasting effects of the empire?

Answer 54

Church more Christians in Africa than in B Scouts Poker Snooker

Question 55

What sports were shared?

Answer 55

Football Racket sports Rugby Cricket

Question 56

What brought the nations together every 4 years?

Answer 56

The Commonwealth Games

Question 57

What words had entered the English language?

Answer 57

Bungalow Pyjamas Zombie

Question 58

What honours still gave a British Empire medal?

Answer 58

Imperial royal hours E.g. DBE, MBE, OBE

Question 59

What also kept reminding B of it's imperial past?

Answer 59

The Proms Sang songs like 'Rule, Britannia!'

Question 60

What did the children's comic Eagle specify to do?

Answer 60

Foreigners weren't to be enemies or villains At least one child in each group should be from an ethnic minority

Question 61

What were the limited films that still had imperial themes?

Answer 61

North West Frontier Guns at Batasi Lawrence of Arabia

Question 62

What replaced radio as a more popular source of media?

Answer 62

TV

Question 63

What helped people to become more aware of other countries and cultures?

Answer 63

Documentaries

Question 64

What shows still highlighted imperialist racist views?

Answer 64

That Was the Week Till Death us Do Part Black and White Minstrels' show