Chapter 10 - Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

The largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body (root: aort/o)

Answer 1

aorta

Question 2

The point of a cone-shaped structure (adjective, apical)

Answer 2

apex

Question 3

The valve at the entrance to the aorta

Answer 3

aortic valve

Question 4

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles

Answer 4

atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 4

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood (root: arteri/o)

Answer 4

artery

Question 5

A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arteriol/o)

Answer 5

arteriole

Question 6

A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart.

Answer 6

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Question 7

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart (root atri/o)

Answer 7

atrium

Question 8

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum.

Answer 8

AV bundle

Question 9

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

Answer 9

blood pressure

Question 10

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

Answer 10

bundle branches

Question 11

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues

Answer 11

capillary

Question 12

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels

Answer 12

cardiovascular system

Question 13

The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment and remove waste products from the myocardium

Answer 13

coronary circulation

Question 14

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective, diastolic

Answer 14

diastole

Question 14

A change in electrical charge from the resting state in nerves or muscles

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body.

Answer 15

electrocardiography (ECG)

Question 16

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

Answer 16

epicardium

Question 17

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves

Answer 17

endocardium

Question 18

Any sound produced as the heart functions normally

Answer 18

functional murmur

Question 19

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body (root: cardi/o)

Answer 19

heart

Question 20

The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

Answer 20

heart rate

Question 21

Sounds produced as the heart functions.

Answer 21

heart sounds

Question 22

The large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body

Answer 22

inferior vena cava

Question 23

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Answer 23

left AV valve

Question 24

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve

Answer 24

mitral valve

Question 25

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

Answer 25

myocardium

Question 26

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 26

pericaridum

Question 27

The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

Answer 27

pulmonary artery

Question 28

The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart

Answer 28

pulmonary circuit

Question 29

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

Answer 29

pulmonary valve

Question 29

The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

Answer 29

pulmonary veins

Question 30

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract

Answer 30

pulse

Question 31

A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles

Answer 31

repolarization

Question 31

The terminal fibers of the conducting system of the heart. They carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles

Answer 31

Purkinje fibers

Question 32

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve

Answer 32

right AV valve

Question 33

A wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart

Answer 33

septum

Question 34

Normal heart rhythm

Answer 34

sinus rhythm

Question 35

A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker

Answer 35

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 36

An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure (root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus or cuff

Answer 36

sphygmomanometer

Question 37

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

Answer 37

systemic circuit

Question 38

The large superior vein that brings deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium from the upper body

Answer 38

superior vena cava

Question 39

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle; adjective: systolic

Answer 39

systole

Question 40

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction (root: valv/o, valvul/o)

Answer 40

valve

Question 41

A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen (root: ven/o, phleb/o)

Answer 41

vein

Question 42

A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the heart (root: ventricul/o)

Answer 42

ventricle

Question 43

A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins

Answer 43

venule

Question 44

A tube or duct to transport fluid (root: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)

Answer 44

vessel

Question 45

A slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm

Answer 45

bradycardia

Question 45

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally “without rhythm"

Answer 45

arrhythmia

Question 45

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

Answer 45

aneurysm

Question 46

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

Answer 46

cyanosis

Question 47

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation

Answer 47

clubbing

Question 48

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

Answer 48

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 48

Profuse sweating

Answer 48

diaphoresis

Question 49

Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)

Answer 49

dyspnea

Question 50

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid. Causes include cardiovascular disturbances, kidney failure, inflammation, and malnutrition

Answer 50

edema

Question 51

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood

Answer 51

heart failure

Question 52

An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia

Answer 52

heart block

Question 53

A varicose vein in the rectum

Answer 53

hemorrhoid

Question 54

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

Answer 54

embolism

Question 55

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body

Answer 55

embolus

Question 56

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

Answer 56

fibrillation

Question 57

An abnormal heart sound

Answer 57

murmur

Question 58

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

Answer 58

infarct

Question 59

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

Answer 59

occlusion

Question 60

Inflammation of a vein

Answer 60

phlebitis

Question 61

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce valvular scarring, usually involving the mitral valve

Answer 61

rheumatic heart disease

Question 62

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

Answer 62

syncope

Question 63

An abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm

Answer 63

tachycardia

Question 64

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

Answer 64

stenosis

Question 65

Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate supply of blood to the tissues.

Answer 65

shock

Question 66

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel (root: varic/o)

Answer 66

varicose vein

Question 67

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

Answer 67

thrombosis

Question 68

A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel open after balloon angioplasty

Answer 68

stent

Question 69

Use of an electronic device (defibrillator) to stop fibrillation by delivering a brief electric shock to the heart.

Answer 69

defibrillation

Question 70

Evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring during exercise.

Answer 70

stress test

Question 71

A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction.

Answer 71

troponin (Tn)

Question 72

A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue attached to the first part of the large intestine

Answer 72

appendix

Question 73

The thin plasma-like fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels (root: lymph/o)

Answer 73

lymph

Question 74

A small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel that filters lymph (root: lymphaden/o)

Answer 74

lymph node

Question 75

The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. This system also participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from the digestive tract

Answer 75

Lymphatic system

Question 76

Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine

Answer 76

Peyer patches

Question 77

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper right side of the body

Answer 77

right lymphatic duct

Question 78

A lymphoid organ in the upper part of the chest beneath the sternum. It functions in immunity (root: thym/o)

Answer 78

thymus

Question 78

A large reddish-brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen. It filters blood and destroys old red blood cells (root: splen/o)

Answer 78

spleen

Question 79

The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of the lower body/left lymphatic duct

Answer 79

thoracic duct

Question 80

Small mass of lymphoid tissue located in region of the throat (pharynx)

Answer 80

tonsil

Question 81

Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue

Answer 81

lymphoma

Question 81

Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

Answer 81

lymphadenitis

Question 82

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection. Appears as painful red streaks under the skin

Answer 82

lymphangitis

Question 83

Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels

Answer 83

Lymphedema

Question 84

The thick muscular layer of the heart is the:

Answer 84

myocardium

Question 85

A sinus rhythm originates in the:

Answer 85

SA node

Question 86

The aortic valve is a(n):

Answer 86

semilunar valve

Question 87

The left ventricle pumps blood into the:

Answer 87

aorta

Question 88

Phlebectasia is:

Answer 88

dilatation of a vein

Question 89

Posterolateral branches are located:

Answer 89

toward the back and side

Question 90

A small vein is a(n):

Answer 90

venule

Question 91

A term that means 'between the ventricles' is:

Answer 91

interventricular

Question 92

A septum is a:

Answer 92

dividing wall

Question 93

A factor that contributes to atherosclerosis is:

Answer 93

dyslipidemia

Question 94

What refers to the restoration of a normal heart rhythm?

Answer 94

cardioversion

Question 95

A patient has a blood pressure reading of 132/74 mmHg; 132 represents the:

Answer 95

systolic pressure

Question 96

Cardioptosis is:

Answer 96

downward displacement of the heart.

Question 97

The root in ischemia means:

Answer 97

blood.

Question 98

Enlarged veins in the rectum are:

Answer 98

hemorrhoids

Question 98

An enlarged and twisted vein is a varix. The adjective and plural forms of varix are:

Answer 98

varicose and varices

Question 99

The scientific name for a 'heart attack' is:

Answer 99

myocardial infarction

Question 100

A slower-than-average heart rate is termed:

Answer 100

bradycardia

Question 101

What is not considered to be part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 101

liver

Question 102

The adjective for tonsil is:

Answer 102

tonsillar

Question 103

What is not lymphatic tissue?

Answer 103

varix

Question 104

The thoracic duct:

Answer 104

drains lymph from lower body and upper left side.

Question 104

Most lymph is drained back to the heart through the:

Answer 104

thoracic duct

Question 104

In phlebostasis:

Answer 104

blood flow stops in a vein

Question 105

Polyarteritis is:

Answer 105

inflammation of many arteries.

Question 106

Lymphadenopathy is:

Answer 106

any disease of a lymph node

Question 107

A lymphangioma is a(n):

Answer 107

tumor of lymphatic vessels

Question 108

Asplenia is:

Answer 108

absence of the spleen.

Question 109

Extrasystole is:

Answer 109

an additional heartbeat.

Question 110

What's the primary accent in extrasystole?

Answer 110

sis

Question 110

Phonocardiography is a(n):

Answer 110

recording of heart sounds.

Question 111

Interruption of lymph flow causes:

Answer 111

lymphedema

Question 112

What's the primary accent in lymphangitis?

Answer 112

i