Chapter 6 - The Muscular System

Question 1

A neurotransmitter that stimulates contraction of skeletal muscles

Answer 1

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 2

The muscle that opposes an agonist; it must relax when the agonist contracts

Answer 2

antagonist

Question 3

One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is actin

Answer 3

myosin

Question 3

An organ that produces movement by contracting; also the tissue that composes such organs (root: my/o, muscul/o)

Answer 3

muscle

Question 3

Involuntary muscle that makes up the heart wall

Answer 3

cardiac muscle

Question 4

One of the two contractile proteins in muscle cells; the other is myosin

Answer 4

actin

Question 5

A muscle that carries out a given movement (from Greek agon meaning “contest,” “struggle”)

Answer 5

agonist

Question 6

The fibrous sheath of connective tissue that covers a muscle; called deep fascia to differentiate it from the superficial fascia that underlies the skin (root: fasci/o); plural: fasciae

Answer 6

fascia

Question 7

In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a stable part of the skeleton

Answer 7

origin

Question 7

In a given movement, the point where a muscle is attached to a moving part of the skeleton

Answer 7

insertion

Question 7

A small bundle, as of muscle or nerve fibers

Answer 7

fascicle

Question 8

The point of contact, or synapse, between a branch of a motor neuron and a muscle cell

Answer 8

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Question 9

The main muscle involved in a given movement

Answer 9

prime mover

Question 10

Voluntary muscle that moves the skeleton and maintains posture

Answer 10

skeletal muscle

Question 11

Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the hollow organs, vessels, and ducts; visceral muscle

Answer 11

smooth muscle

Question 12

A muscle that assists a prime mover to produce a given movement

Answer 12

synergist

Question 13

A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone (root: ten/o, tendin/o)

Answer 13

tendon

Question 14

A state of steady, partial contraction of muscle that maintains firmness; muscle tone (root: ton/o)

Answer 14

tonus

Question 15

A disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscular weakness and atrophy; Lou Gehrig disease

Answer 15

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 16

A disorder associated with widespread muscular aches and stiffness and having no known cause

Answer 16

fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

Question 16

A disease of unknown cause that involves persistent fatigue, along with muscle and joint pain and other symptoms; may be virally induced

Answer 16

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

Question 17

A disease of unknown origin involving inflammation of muscles as well as dermatitis and skin rashes

Answer 17

dermatomyositis

Question 18

A group of hereditary muscular disorders marked by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles

Answer 18

muscular dystrophy

Question 19

A disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness; an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

Answer 19

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Question 20

A disease of unknown cause involving muscle inflammation and weakness

Answer 20

polymyositis

Question 21

Tissue damage caused by repeated motion, usually overuse of the arm or hand in occupational activities such as writing, typing, painting, or using hand tools; also called repetitive motion injury, cumulative trauma injury, overuse syndrome

Answer 21

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Question 22

Trauma to a muscle because of overuse or excessive stretch; if severe, may involve tearing of muscle, bleeding, or separation of muscle from its tendon or separation of a tendon from bone

Answer 22

strain

Question 23

Injury to a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive force at a joint, but without bone dislocation or fracture

Answer 23

sprain

Question 24

Inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; the shoulder, elbow, and hip are common sites

Answer 24

tendinitis

Question 25

Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath

Answer 25

tenosynovitis

Question 26

An enzyme found in muscle tissue; the serum level of CK increases in cases of muscle damage

Answer 26

creatine kinase (CK)

Question 27

A disorder of the muscles

Answer 27

myopathy

Question 27

Study of the electrical activity of muscles during contraction

Answer 27

electromyography (EMG)

Question 28

incision into a muscle

Answer 28

myotomy

Question 29

inflammation of a muscle with its tendon

Answer 29

myotenositis

Question 30

study of movement

Answer 30

kinesiology

Question 31

excision of fascia

Answer 31

fasciectomy

Question 32

Myoglobin is a type of protein found in

Answer 32

muscles

Question 32

pain in a tendon

Answer 32

tenalgia, tenodynia

Question 33

Fasciitis is inflammation of

Answer 33

fascia

Question 34

Dystonia is abnormal muscle

Answer 34

tone

Question 35

In the muscular system, the opposite of the origin is the

Answer 35

insertion

Question 36

The neuromuscular junction is between a muscle and a

Answer 36

neuron

Question 37

The quadriceps femoris muscle forms the anterior part of the

Answer 37

thigh

Question 38

The opposite of flexion is

Answer 38

extension

Question 39

The opposite of abduction is

Answer 39

adduction

Question 40

The band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a

Answer 40

tendon

Question 41

Polymyositis is inflammation of many

Answer 41

muscles

Question 42

The word kinesis means

Answer 42

movement

Question 43

my/o

Answer 43

muscle

Question 44

muscul/o

Answer 44

muscle

Question 45

in/o

Answer 45

fiber

Question 46

fasci/o

Answer 46

fascia

Question 47

ten/o, tendin/o

Answer 47

tendon

Question 48

ton/o

Answer 48

tone

Question 49

erg/o

Answer 49

work

Question 49

kin/o-, kine, kinesi/o, kinet/o

Answer 49

movement

Question 50

a group of four muscles in the thigh

Answer 50

quadriceps femoris

Question 51

large muscle of the upper chest

Answer 51

pectoralis major

Question 51

muscle used in chewing; jaw muscle

Answer 51

masseter

Question 52

main muscle of the calf

Answer 52

gastrocnemius

Question 52

acting on muscle fibers

Answer 52

inotropic

Question 53

muscle of the upper back and neck

Answer 53

trapezius

Question 54

absence of movement

Answer 54

akinesia

Question 55

abnormal muscle tone

Answer 55

dystonia

Question 55

instrument for measuring muscle work

Answer 55

ergometer

Question 55

The study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

Answer 55

rheumatology

Question 56

A general term for inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles associated with pain in joints

Answer 56

rheumatism

Question 57

A sudden, involuntary muscle contraction; may be clonic

Answer 57

spasm

Question 58

Forcible tearing away of a part

Answer 58

avulsion

Question 59

Permanent contraction of a muscle

Answer 59

contracture

Question 60

A wasting away; a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ, such as the wasting of muscle from disuse

Answer 60

atrophy

Question 61

absence of muscle tone

Answer 61

atony

Question 62

The number of origins (heads) in the triceps brachii muscle is

Answer 62

three (3)

Question 63

A muscle that produces extension at the joint is called a(n)

Answer 63

extensor

Question 64

Movement toward the midline of the body is termed

Answer 64

adduction

Question 65

The strong, cord-like tendon that attaches the calf muscle to the heel is the

Answer 65

Achilles tendon

Question 66

The opposite of origin is

Answer 66

insertion

Question 67

The opposite of agonist is

Answer 67

antagonist

Question 68

The opposite of abduction is

Answer 68

adduction

Question 69

The opposite of pronation is

Answer 69

supination

Question 70

The opposite of extension is

Answer 70

flexion

Question 71

The adjective for tendon is:

Answer 71

tendinous

Question 72

Inflammation of muscle is:

Answer 72

myositis

Question 73

A term that means 'pertaining to muscle and fascia' is:

Answer 73

myofascial

Question 74

Movement away from the midline is:

Answer 74

abduction

Question 75

The latissimus dorsi is located in the:

Answer 75

back

Question 76

A muscle group in the thigh that has four components is the:

Answer 76

Quadriceps femoris

Question 77

The hamstring muscles are located in the:

Answer 77

posterior thigh

Question 78

The muscle that opposes an agonist is the:

Answer 78

antagonist

Question 79

ACh is the abbreviation for a(n):

Answer 79

neurotransmitter

Question 80

Peristalsis is produced by:

Answer 80

smooth muscle

Question 81

A disease that involves both muscles and the skin is:

Answer 81

dermatomyositis

Question 82

Avulsion is:

Answer 82

tearing away

Question 83

Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign are indications of:

Answer 83

tetany

Question 84

OT and PT are abbreviations for:

Answer 84

types of therapy

Question 85

ALS, FMS, and MG are all abbreviations for:

Answer 85

diseases

Question 86

Myoglobin is a substance that:

Answer 86

stores oxygen in muscle cells

Question 87

Permanent contraction of muscle is called:

Answer 87

contracture

Question 88

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves structures in the:

Answer 88

wrist

Question 89

Dermatomyositis involves muscles and:

Answer 89

skin

Question 90

Creatine kinase is a(n):

Answer 90

enzyme

Question 91

Smooth muscle is also called _____.

Answer 91

visceral muscle

Question 92

Muscles are enclosed in a fibrous sheath of connective tissue called _______.

Answer 92

fascia

Question 93

The type of muscle that is characterized by voluntary movement is/are _________.

Answer 93

skeletal

Question 94

True or False? Skeletal muscles are mainly involuntary in control.

Answer 94

False

Question 95

Pointing the toes downward is _______.

Answer 95

plantar flexion

Question 96

The end of a muscle that is attached to a relatively immovable part is the _____.

Answer 96

origin

Question 97

The _____ is the end of a muscle that is attached to a movable part.

Answer 97

insertion