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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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2
Q

The growth region of a long bone; located in the metaphysis, between the diaphysis and epiphysis; when bone growth ceases, this area appears as the epiphyseal line; also spelled epiphysial

A

epiphyseal plate

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2
Q

The irregularly shaped end of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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3
Q

The large, flared, superior portion of the pelvic bone (root: ili/o) (adj: iliac)

A

ilium

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4
Q

The junction between two bones; articulation (root: arthr/o)

A

joint

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5
Q

The region of a long bone between the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end); during development, the growing region of a long bone

A

metaphysis

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6
Q

The formation of bone tissue (from Latin os, meaning: “bone”)

A

ossification

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7
Q

A cell that produces bone tissue

A

osteoblast

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8
Q

Study of diseases of skeletal and muscular system.

A

Orthopedics

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9
Q

A cell that destroys bone tissue

A

osteoclast

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10
Q

A mature bone cell that nourishes and maintains bone tissue

A

osteocyte

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11
Q

The bony socket in the hip bone that holds the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

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12
Q

The joint (adj: articular)

A

articulation

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13
Q

The first cervical vertebra (root: atlant/o)

A

atlas

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14
Q

The second cervical vertebra

A

axis

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15
Q

A calcified form of dense connective tissue; osseus tissue; also an individual unit of the skeleton made of such tissue (root: oste/o)

A

bone

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16
Q

The soft material that fills bone cavities (root: myel/o)

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction near a joint (root: burs/o)

A

bursa

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17
Q

A freely movable joint; also called a synovial joint (adj: diarthrotic)

A

diarthrosis

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18
Q

A type of dense connective tissue that is found in the skeleton, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Precursor to most bone tissue (root: chondr/o)

A

cartilage

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19
Q

The large ring of bone at the inferior trunk formed of the two hip bones joined to the sacrum and coccyx

A

pelvis

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20
Q

The fibrous membrane that covers a bone’s surface

A

periosteum

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21
Q

Removal of bone by breakdown and absorption into the circulation

A

resorption

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22
Q

The body’s bony framework, consisting of 206 bones (root: skelet/o)

A

skeleton

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23
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones
24
An immovable joint, such as the joints between the skull bones
suture
25
The fluid contained in a freely movable (diarthrotic) joint; synovia (root: synov/i)
synovial fluid
25
A slightly movable joint
symphysis
26
A freely movable joint; has a joint cavity containing synovial fluid; a diarthrosis
synovial joint
27
A fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
28
The upper part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen
thorax
29
A malignant tumor of cartilage
chondrosarcoma
29
Immobility and fixation of a joint
ankylosis
30
Inflammation of a joint
arthritis
31
An exaggerated spinal curve; such as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis
curvature of the spine
32
Osteoarthritis (hint: DJD)
degenerative joint disease
33
A break in a bone; broken bone does not penetrate the skin
fracture
34
A form of acute arthritis, usually beginning in the knee or foot, caused by deposit of uric acid salt in the joints
gout
35
Protrusion of the center (nucleus pulposus) of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal; ruptured or "slipped" disk
herniated disk
36
An exaggerated curve of the spine in the thoracic region; hunchback, humpback
kyphosis
37
Progression deterioration of joint cartilage with growth of new bone and soft tissue in and around the joint; the most common form of arthritis; results from wear and tear, injury, or disease; AKA DJD
osteoarthritis (OA)
37
An exaggerated curve of the spine in the lumbar region; swayback
lordosis
38
A softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency or other disease
osteomalacia
38
A malignant bone tumor; osteosarcoma
osteogenic sarcoma
39
A lower-than-average bone density, which may foreshadow osteoporosis
osteopenia
39
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by infection, usually bacterial
osteomyelitis
40
A condition characterized by reduction in bone density
osteoporosis
41
Skeletal disease of the elderly characterized by bone thickening and distortion with bowing of long bones
Paget disease
42
Inflammation of the vertebrae, usually caused by tuberculosis
Pott disease
43
A chronic autoimmune disease of unknown origin resulting in inflammation of peripheral joints and related structures (hint: RA)
rheumatoid arthritis
43
A group of antibodies found in the blood in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic diseases
rheumatoid factor
44
Faulty bone formation in children, usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D
rickets
45
Severe pain in the leg along with the course of the sciatic nerve, spinal nerve root irritation
sciatica
46
A sideways curvature of the spine in any region
scoliosis
47
A forward displacement of one vertebra over another (-listhesis means "a slipping")
spondylolisthesis
48
Degeneration of the articulating portions of a vertebra allowing for spinal distortion, specifically in the lumbar region
spondylolysis
49
An enzyme needed in the formation of bone; serum activity of this enzyme is useful in diagnosis
alkaline phosphatase
50
Aspiration of fluid from a joint by needle puncture
arthrocentesis
51
Surgical immobilization (fusion) of a joint; artificial ankylosis
arthrodesis
52
Partial or total replacement of a joint with a prosthesis
arthroplasty
53
Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk
diskectomy (also spelled discectomy)
53
Use of an endoscopy to examine the interior of a joint or to perform surgery on the joint
arthroscopy
54
Return of a fractured bone to a normal position; may be closed or open
reduction of a fracture
55
The process of drawing or pulling
traction
56
Drug that reduces inflammation (hint: includes steroids)
anti-inflammatory agent
57
Agent used to prevent and treat osteoporosis
bisphosphonate
58
Drug that reduces inflammation but is not a steroid (ex. aspirin, ibuprofen)
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
59
Drug that acts on estrogen receptors; used to prevent bone loss after menopause
selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
60
Attaches to muscle and bone
Tendon
61
formed from cartilage
bone
62
What color bone marrow does diaphysis have?
yellow bone marrow
63
What color bone marrow does epiphysis have?
red bone marrow
64
root: arthr/o
articulation
65
The bones of the wrist are:
carpals
66
The large, flared superior bone of the pelvis is:
ilium
67
A bone of a spinal column is a:
vertebra
68
The bone of the thigh is the:
femur
69
A fluid-filled sac near a join is a(n)
bursa
70
The fluid that fills a freely movable joint is
synovial fluid
71
Myelogenesis is the formation of
bone marrow
72
The type of tissue that covers the ends of the bones at the joints is
cartilage
73
The part of the vertebral column that articulates with the ilium is the
sacrum
73
The cervical vertebrae are in the region of the:
neck
74
The growth region of a long bone is the:
epiphyseal plate
75
An articulation is a:
joint
76
A joint between bones of the skull is a:
suture
77
The cranial bones are part of the:
skull
78
Chondrogenesis is formation of:
cartilage
79
The term chondroid means:
resembling cartilage.
80
A bursolith is a(n):
stone in a bursa
80
A sideways curvature of the spine is:
scoliosis
81
Spondylolisthesis is displacement of a:
vertebra
82
PIP, TMJ, and DJD refer to:
joints
83
A condyle, tubercle, and tuberosity are:
rounded projections
83
Carpal tunnel syndrome involves a nerve in the:
wrist
84
Scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis are:
curvatures of the spine
85
A discectomy is a surgical procedure done on the:
spine
86
A chondrosarcoma arises in:
cartilage
87
A joint can be drained by a technique called:
arthrocentesis
88
Another term for clubfoot is:
talipes
89
How many cranial bones are there?
eight (8)
90
How many facial bones are there?
fourteen (14)

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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