Chapter 16 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards by x o

The membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus; also called amnion (root: amnio)

amniotic sac

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A system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated as 0, 1, or 2 at one and five minutes after delivery and sometimes thereafter

Apgar score

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The outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta (adjective: chorionic)

chorion

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Breast fluid that is secreted in the first few days after giving birth, before milk is produced

colostrum

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A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs

ductus arteriosus

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The stage in development between the zygote and the fetus, extending from the second through the eighth week of growth in the uterus (root: embry/o)

embryo

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The union of an ovum and a spermatozoon

fertilization

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The developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth (root: fet/o); adjective: fetal

fetus

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A small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the right to the left side of the heart

foramen ovale

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The period of development from conception to birth

gestation

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Pregnant woman

gravida

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A hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum so that it will continue to secrete hormones

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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The secretion of milk from the mammary glands

lactation

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A pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release (“letdown”) of milk from the breasts

oxytocin

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Woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies

para

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Childbirth (root: nat/i); labor (root: toc/o)

parturition

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The organ, composed of fetal and maternal tissues, that nourishes and maintains the developing fetus

placenta

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A group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of uterine contractions

prostaglandins

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The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus

umbilical cord

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The fertilized ovum

zygote

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Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus, usually at 20 wk or 500 g.

abortion

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A congenital separation of the upper lip

cleft lip

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A congenital split in the roof of the mouth

cleft palate

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Inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breastfeeding

mastitis

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The ovum develops within a(n):

ovarian follicle

The roots metr/o and hyster/o pertain to the:

uterus

The narrow lower portion of the uterus is the:

cervix

The hormone that triggers ovulation is:

luteinizing hormone

Oophorectomy is:

excision of an ovary

In the menstrual cycle, the luteal phase occurs simultaneously with the:

secretory phase

A retrouterine structure is located:

behind the uterus

Regular monthly menstrual cycles cease at the time of:

menopause

The cervix is the:

lower narrow portion of the uterus

The endometrium is the:

innermost layer of the uterus

Narrowing of the vagina is called:

colpostenosis

A laparoscope is introduced into the body through:

through the abdominal wall

Oligomenorrhea is:

scanty menstrual flow

Plastic repair of an oviduct is called a(n):

salpingoplasty

Pain during intercourse is:

dyspareunia

The area involved in an episiotomy is the:

perineum

Place these in order by letter from earliest to latest in development: (A) fetus, (B) zygote, (C) embryo.

B, C, A

For the first 2 months of growth, the developing offspring is termed a(n):

embryo

A trimester consists of approximately:

3 months

The hormone produced early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus luteum is:

human chorionic gonadotropin

The foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus allow blood in the fetus to bypass the:

lungs

A nullipara is a:

woman who has never given birth

The production of colostrum is followed by:

lactation

During development, the zygote becomes a(n):

embryo

The length of pregnancy is often calculated from the:

LMP

Mastitis is:

inflammation of the breast

In an ectopic pregnancy, an embryo is developing:

outside its normal positon

The technical name for toxemia of pregnancy is:

preeclampsia

A congenital disorder:

is present at birth

The period after childbirth is the:

puerperium

GIFT and ZIFT are forms of:

IVF

An amniocentesis is a(n):

method for diagnosing birth defects

A teratogenic substance:

causes fetal malformation

Narrowing of the uterus is:

metrostenosis

Oocytes and female sex hormones are produced in the _______.

ovaries

Formation of an oocyte

Oogenesis

The breast nipple is known as what?

mammary papilla

The anatomic equivalent of the penis in females is the _____.

clitoris

The process of discharging one oocyte from an ovary is known as what?

ovulation

The erectile tissue in females that responds to sexual stimulation is which of the following?

clitoris

What part of the uterus is the inner lining?

endometrium

The tubular, lower portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina is what?

cervix

The external female genital organs together are called the

vulva

Finger-like extensions of the salpinx that drape over the ovary:

fimbriae

Space between the vagina and the cervix

fornix

The dome-shaped portion of the uterus, opposite the cervix, is the _____.

fundus

The secretory phase occurs during which days?

15 to 28

The _____ is a fold of mucous membrane covering the vaginal orifice.

hymen

The region between the thighs from the coccyx to the pubis, which includes the anus and external genitalia:

Perineum

The mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone is:

mons pubis

The space between the labia minora is called the _____.

vestibule

The _____ is a subcutaneous pad of adipose tissue encasing the junction of the pubic bone in females.

mons pubis

The stage at which the _____ becomes imbedded in the lining of the uterus is termed implantation.

blastocyst

The uterine tube is also called the _____.

fallopian tube

The pear-shaped organ in the middle of the pelvis that supports a growing fetus is:

uterus

A sac within the ovary called a _____ holds the immature egg cell.

follicle

Outermost layer of the embryo

chorion

The menstrual cycle occurs approximately every _______ days.

A(n) _______ can be used to examine the cervix and vagina.

colposcope

Oophorectomy is _____.

excision of an ovary

Ovariorrhexis is _____.

rupture of an ovary

Pain during intercourse is _____.

dyspareunia

The abbreviation PID means _____.

pelvic inflammatory disease

Painful, difficult menstruation is termed ______.

dysmennorhea

Removal of the breast tumor and a small amount of normal tissue surrounding the tumor is termed _____.

lumpectomy

______ are benign tumors found in the uterus.

Fibroids

The area involved in an episiotomy is the _____.

perineum (and vagina)

A Pap smear is used to ______.

diagnose cervical cancer

The scientific name for a fibroid is _____.

leiomyoma

A prolapsed organ has _______.

dropped down

A procedure that uses a computer and a 3-dimensional scanning device to find a tumor site and guide the removal of tissue for microscopic examination is termed ______.

stereotactic biopsy

Tubal ligation is performed for the purpose of _____.

contraception

Vaginometry is _____.

measurement of the vagina

About 5% of breast cancers are due to mutations in the _____ gene.

BRCA1

Episiorrhaphy is _____.

suture of the vulva

The absence of menstrual bleeding:

amenorrhea

Any disease specific to women is _____.

gynecopathy

Hysterotomy is _____.

incision of the uterus

MRI uses what form of energy to create images of the body?

magnetic fields

The inner layer of membrane surrounding the fetus:

amnion

The average length of human gestation is _____.

40 weeks

The function of the amniotic sac is to _____.

cushion the fetus

The baby is delivered during the _____ stage of labor.

second

The connecting stalk between the embryo/fetus and the placenta that contains two arteries and one vein is called the _____.

umbilical cord

The entire time span of pregnancy is called _____.

gestation

The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale are found in the _____.

fetus

The normal birth position is termed _____.

vertex

The single cell formed at fertilization is referred to as a(n) _______.

zygote

The placenta is formed from the endometrium and the _____.

chorion

The umbilical cord contains _____ arteries.

two

The umbilical cord contains _____ vein(s).

one

Union of the male sperm and the female secondary oocyte is called _____.

fertilization

A trimester is how long?

3 months

A multigravida is a woman who _____.

A woman who has been pregnant two or more times.

A 'premie,' or a premature infant, is a baby who is born before the ______ week of gestation.

37th

A zygote forms as a result of _____.

fertilization

An embryo becomes a fetus after week _____.

Fetometry is _____.

measurement of a fetus

The period of development in the uterus:

gestation

_______ refers to a woman’s first pregnancy.

Primigravida

Newborns are evaluated immediately after birth and given a score based on their apparent health and their chances for survival. The result of this evaluation is called the _____.

Apgar score

_____ is a condition in which the placenta is positioned over the opening of the cervix into the vagina.

placenta previa

Dark coloration on the skin of the face of pregnant women is termed _____.

chloasma

Chapter 16 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

Pregnancy and Birth (127 cards)