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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 9 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

A gland on the superior surface of the kidney.

A

adrenal gland

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2
Q

Pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood

A

endocrine

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3
Q

A secretion of an endocrine gland. A substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissues, organs, or glands

A

hormone

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4
Q

The pituitary gland (root: hypophys); named from hypo, meaning “below,” and physis, meaning “growing,” because the gland grows below the hypothalamus

A

hypophysis

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5
Q

A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and is active in maintaining homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes hormones to regulate glucose metabolism

A

pancreatic islet

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7
Q

A small endocrine gland on the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid gland

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8
Q

A small gland in the brain. Appears to regulate mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light

A

pineal gland

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9
Q

A small endocrine gland at the base of the brain. The anterior lobe secretes growth hormone and hormones that stimulate other glands

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation

A

prostaglandins

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10
Q

A hormone made from lipids and including the sex hormones and the hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormone

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11
Q

A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches

A

receptor

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12
Q

The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be called the target organ

A

target tissue

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13
Q

An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea. It secretes hormones that affect metabolism and growth (roots: thyr/o, thyroid/o).

A

thyroid gland

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14
Q

A neoplasm of a gland

A

adenoma

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15
Q

Excess glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

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16
Q

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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17
Q

A condition resulting from an overdose of insulin, causing hypoglycemia

A

insulin shock

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18
Q

The adrenal glands are located near the:

A

kidneys

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19
Q

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include:

A

cortisol and aldosterone

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20
Q

Insulin and glucagon regulate blood levels of:

A

glucose

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21
Q

A thyrolytic substance:

A

destroys thyroid tissue

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21
Q

The thymus gland acts as part of the:

A

immune system

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22
Q

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the:

A

hypothalamus

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23
Target tissue for a hormone is determined by the presence of:
receptors
24
Protein hormones are composed of:
amino acids
25
The adjective adrenocortical refers to the:
outer region of the adrenal gland
26
A thyrolytic substance is:
damaging to the thyroid gland
27
Acts on the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
28
Diabetes insipidus affects:
water balance
29
Addison disease and Cushing syndrome involve the:
adrenal cortex
30
Graves disease is:
an autoimmune hyperthyroidism
31
A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the:
pineal
32
FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of:
glucose metabolism
33
A pheochromocytoma is a(n):
tumor of the adrenal medulla
34
The glycated hemoglobin test is used in treating:
diabetes mellitus
34
T3 and T4 are forms of:
thyroid hormone
35
Overgrowth caused by an excess of growth hormone from the pituitary during childhood
gigantism
36
Enlargement of the thyroid gland. May be toxic or nontoxic.
goiter
37
The adrenal cortex produces _____.
steroids
38
The _______ secretes hormones that will increase the heart rate.
adrenal medulla
39
The endocrine system is composed of _____ and their hormones.
glands
40
The endocrine system is responsible for _______.
maintaining homeostasis
41
The pituitary gland as a whole is also referred to as the _____.
hypophysis
42
The _____ gland secretes melatonin.
pineal
43
A small gland in the brain that is regulated by light is the _____.
pineal
44
The pancreas secretes _______.
insulin and glucagon
45
The part of the brain that controls the pituitary is the _____.
hypothalamus
46
_______ helps regulate water and electrolyte balance.
ADH and Aldosterone
47
Thyroid hormones contain the element _____.
iodine
48
A hormone that regulates electrolyte excretion is _____.
aldosterone
49
Which hormone aids in metabolism and aids the body during stress?
cortisol
50
_______ from the ______ decreases blood glucose levels.
Insulin; pancreas
51
Increases blood sugar levels
glucagon
52
Decreases blood sugar levels
insulin
53
Acromegaly is characterized by overgrowth of _____.
bone
54
The blood test that measures the amount of glucose in the blood after administering a dose of glucose to the patient is known as what?
glucose tolerant test
55
The A1c test measures the amount of _______ in the blood.
glucose
56
Surgical removal of the thyroid:
thyroidectomy
57
The glycosylated hemoglobin test is used in evaluating _____.
diabetes mellitus
58
Any disease of the adrenal gland
Adrenopathy
59
Graves disease is the result of _______.
hyperthyroidism
60
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is _______.
thyromegaly
61
Total underactivity of the pituitary gland is known as _____.
panhypopituitarism
62
Thyroid function can be tested by measuring the thyroid’s uptake of which element?
iodine
63
The excision of the adrenal gland:
adrenalectomy
64
Diabetes insipidus affects _____.
water balance
65
A condition caused by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
Cushing disease
66
FPG, FBS, and OGTT are tests of _____.
glucose metabolism
67
A condition involving protruding or bulging eyes:
exophthalmos
68
_____ is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
diabetes mellitus (DM)
69
Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of _____.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
70
GH means:
growth hormone
71
Gonadotropins act on the _____.
ovary and testis
72
A condition that involves excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, causing goiter and exophthalmos aka autoimmune hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
73
An autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism is _______.
Hashimoto
74
An excessive growth of hair or hair growth in unusual places
hirsutism
75
Ketosis is one sign of _____.
diabetes mellitus
76
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy
77
_______ indicates sugar in the urine.
Glycosuria
78
Excessive thirst is:
polydipsia
79
RAIU, TBG, and FTI are tests of:
thyroid function
80
RIA is used to measure _____.
hormone levels

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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