Chapter 2 - Body Structure

Question 1

How many chromosomes in every cell?

Answer 1

46

Question 2

What are the 10 major systems of the body?

Answer 2

skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary, reproductive, respiratory

Question 3

Root word of ‘cell’

Answer 3

cyt/o

Question 4

Process of body cell division

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 5

Compound that speeds the rate of a metabolic reaction

Answer 5

enzyme

Question 6

Muscle root word

Answer 6

my/o

Question 6

Closest to point of attachment

Answer 6

proximal

Question 7

Further away from given reference point

Answer 7

distal

Question 8

What is the basic unit of living organisms?

Answer 8

The cell

Question 9

What is the energy compound of the cell?

Answer 9

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 10

Includes the enzymes, some hormones, and structural materials

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

Includes sugars and starches

Answer 11

carbohydrates

Question 12

Includes fats

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

brachi/o

Answer 13

arm

Question 14

supra

Answer 14

above

Question 15

The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines w/ other cells to form tissues (root=cyt/o)

Answer 15

Cell

Question 16

A threadlike body in a cell’s nucleus that contains genetic info

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

Study of cells

Answer 17

Cytology

Question 18

The fluid that fills the cells and holds the organelles

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined w/ other genes to form chromosomes

Answer 20

Gene

Question 21

A simple sugar that circulates in the blood (roots = gluc/o, glyc/o)

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

Study of tissues

Answer 22

Histology

Question 23

A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy

Answer 23

Homeostasis

Question 24

A simple very thin and pliable sheet of tissues that might cover and organ, line a cavity, or separate structures

Answer 24

Membrane

Question 25

The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Answer 25

Metabolism

Question 26

Cell division

Answer 26

Mitosis

Question 27

A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues (roots = much/o, myx/o) ; adj. is mucous

Answer 27

Mucus

Question 28

The cell's control center; directs all cell chromosomes. (roots = nuclear/o, kary/o)

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

A part of the body w/ a specific function. A component of a body system.

Answer 29

Organ

Question 30

A specialized structure in the cytoplasm of a cell

Answer 30

Organelle

Question 31

An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose (root = hist/o, histi/o)

Answer 32

Tissue

Question 33

Stages of cell division (mitosis)

Answer 33

Interphase > Prophase > Metaphase > Anaphase > Telophase > Two new cells in Interphase

Question 34

The larger ventral cavity below the diaphragm and above the pelvic cavity

Answer 34

Abdominal Cavity

Question 35

The larger ventral cavity between the diaphragm and pelvis that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavity

Answer 35

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 36

Standard position for anatomic studies, in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet are parallel

Answer 36

Anatomic Position

Question 37

The dorsal cavity that contains the brain

Answer 37

Cranial Cavity

Question 38

The muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity

Answer 38

Diaphragm

Question 39

Plane of section that separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Answer 39

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Question 40

The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal cavity

Answer 40

Pelvic Cavity

Question 41

The larger serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs with it

Answer 41

Peritoneum

Question 42

Plane that divides the body into right and left portions

Answer 42

Sagittal Plane

Question 43

Dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord

Answer 43

Spinal Cavity (Canal)

Question 44

The ventral cavity above the diaphragm; the chest cavity

Answer 44

Thoracic Cavity

Question 45

Plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

Answer 45

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Question 46

LLQ

Answer 46

Left Lower Quadrant

Question 47

LUQ

Answer 47

Left Upper Quadrant

Question 48

RLQ

Answer 48

Right Lower Quadrant

Question 49

RUQ

Answer 49

Right Upper Quadrant

Question 50

A tumor of a gland is a(n):

Answer 50

adenoma

Question 51

Adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone are types of:

Answer 51

connective tissue

Question 52

Polymorphous cells have many:

Answer 52

forms

Question 53

The study of tissues is:

Answer 53

histology

Question 54

The nucleus in a megakaryocyte is:

Answer 54

large

Question 55

A stem cell is:

Answer 55

an immature cell.

Question 56

Interstitial fluid is found:

Answer 56

between cells

Question 57

The word dysplasia means:

Answer 57

abnormal development.

Question 58

A dactylospasm is a muscular cramp in a(n):

Answer 58

finger or toe.

Question 59

An infracostal incision would be made __________ the ribs.

Answer 59

below

Question 60

The thoracic cavity is a subdivision of the:

Answer 60

ventral cavity.

Question 61

The paranasal sinuses are:

Answer 61

near the nose.

Question 62

Perivascular tissue is:

Answer 62

around the vessels.

Question 63

A laparoscope is introduced:

Answer 63

through the abdominal wall.

Question 64

The superior ventral cavity is the:

Answer 64

thoracic

Question 65

The opposite of proximal is

Answer 65

distal.

Question 66

A sagittal plane divides the body into:

Answer 66

right and left parts.

Question 67

Acrokinesia is excess motion of the:

Answer 67

extremities. (hands and feet)

Question 68

What's the level of organization in the body? Start with Chemicals.

Answer 68

Chemicals -> cell -> tissues -> organ (stomach) -> organ system (digestive) -> body as a whole