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Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology > Chapter 7 - The Nervous System and Mental Health > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - The Nervous System and Mental Health Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Carrying toward a given point, such as the sensory neurons and nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS (root fer means “to carry”)

A

afferent

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2
Q

The middle layer of the meninges (from the Greek word for spider, because this tissue resembles a spider web)

A

arachnoid mater

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3
Q

The division of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities, controlling smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands; the visceral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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4
Q

The fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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5
Q

The nervous tissue contained within the cranium; consists of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum (root: encephal/o)

A

brain

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6
Q

The part of the brain that consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

brainstem

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7
Q

the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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8
Q

The posterior portion of the brain dorsal to the pons and medulla; helps to coordinate movement and to maintain balance and posture (cerebellum means “little brain”) (root: cerebell/o)

A

cerebellum

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9
Q

The cerebrum’s thin surface layer of gray matter (the cortex is the outer region of an organ) (root: cortic/o)

A

cerebral cortex

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10
Q

The large upper portion of the brain; it is divided into two hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure (root: cerebr/o)

A

cerebrum

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11
Q

The watery fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord as a protection

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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12
Q

A fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body

A

dendrite

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13
Q

The 12 pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain

A

cranial nerves

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14
Q

The part of the brain that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland; located between the cerebrum and the brainstem

A

diencephalon

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15
Q

The strong, fibrous outermost layer of the meninges

A

dura mater

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16
Q

Carrying away from a given point, such as the motor neurons and nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS (root fer means “to carry”)

A

efferent

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17
Q

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS (plural: ganglia) (root: gangli/o, ganglion/o)

A

ganglion

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18
Q

A raised convolution of the surface of the cerebrum (plural: gyri)

A

gyrus

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19
Q

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and maintains homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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20
Q

Any neuron located between a sensory and a motor neuron in a neural pathway, such as the neurons that transmit impulses within the CNS

A

interneuron

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21
Q

The portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord. It has vital centers for control of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure (root: medull/o). Often called simply medulla

A

medulla oblongata

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22
Q

The three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (singular: meninx) (root: mening/o, meninge/o)

A

meninges

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23
Q

The part of the brainstem between the diencephalon and the pons; contains centers for coordination of reflexes for vision and hearing

A

midbrain

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24
Q

Producing movement; describes neurons that carry impulses away from the CNS

A

motor

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25
A whitish, fatty substance that surrounds certain axons of the nervous system
myelin
26
A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse.
neurotransmitter
27
The supportive cells of the nervous system; also called glial cells (from glia meaning “glue;” root: gli/o)
neuroglia
27
The basic unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell
neuron
28
A bundle of nerve cell fibers outside the CNS (root: neur/o)
nerve
29
The part of the automatic nervous system that reverses the response to stress and restores homeostasis. It slows heart rate and respiration rate and stimulates activity of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
parasympathetic nervous system
30
The portion of the nervous system outside the CNS
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
31
A simple, rapid, and automatic response to a stimulus
reflex
32
The innermost layer of the meninges
pia mater
33
A rounded area on the ventral surface of the brainstem; contains fibers that connect regions of the brain; adjective: pontine
pons
34
A branch of a spinal nerve that connects with the spinal cord; the dorsal (posterior) root joins the dorsal gray horn of the spinal cord; the ventral (anterior) root joins the ventral gray horn of the spinal cord (root: radicul/o)
root
34
The nervous tissue contained within the spinal column; extends from the medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra (root: myel/o)
spinal cord
35
Describing neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS
sensory
36
The division of the nervous system that controls skeletal (voluntary) muscles
somatic nervous system
37
A shallow furrow or groove, as on the surface of the cerebrum (plural: sulci)
sulcus
37
The 31 pairs of nerves that connect with the spinal cord
spinal nerves
38
The part of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes a response to stress; increases heart rate and respiration rate and delivers more blood to skeletal muscles
sympathetic nervous system
39
The junction between two neurons; also the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle or gland
synapse
40
A bundle of nerve cell fibers within the CNS
tract
40
The part of the brain that receives all sensory impulses, except those for the sense of smell, and directs them to the proper portion of the cerebral cortex (root: thalam/o)
thalamus
41
The autonomic nervous system
visceral nervous system
41
A small cavity, such as one of the cavities in the brain in which CSF is produced (root: ventricul/o)
ventricle
42
Myelinated tissue of the nervous system
white matter
43
A form of dementia caused by atrophy of the cerebral cortex; presenile dementia
Alzheimer disease (AD)
44
Injury resulting from a violent blow or shock; a concussion of the brain usually results in loss of consciousness
concussion
45
A state of reduced comprehension, coherence, and reasoning ability resulting in inappropriate responses to environmental stimuli
confusion
46
A series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions.
convulsion
47
A gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function
dementia
47
State of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused
coma
48
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other material carried in the circulation
embolism
49
A chronic disease involving periodic sudden bursts of electric activity from the brain, resulting in seizures
epilepsy
50
Insufficient or nonrestorative sleep despite ample opportunity to sleep
insomnia
51
Inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
52
Inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
53
Brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day
narcolepsy
54
Temporary or permanent loss of function.
paralysis
55
A sudden attack, as seen in epilepsy.
seizure
56
Brief periods of breathing cessation during sleep
sleep apnea
57
Sudden interference with blood flow in one or more cerebral vessels leading to oxygen deprivation and necrosis of brain tissue; caused by a blood clot in a vessel (ischemic stroke) or rupture of a vessel
stroke
58
Development of a blood clot within a vessel
thrombosis
59
A form of depression with episodes of mania (a state of elation); manic depressive illness
bipolar disorder
59
A false belief inconsistent with knowledge and experience
delusion
60
A feeling of fear, worry, uneasiness, or dread
anxiety
61
A disorder of unknown cause consisting of self-absorption, lack of response to social contact and affection, preoccupations, stereotyped behavior, and resistance to change
autism
62
A false perception unrelated to reality or external stimuli
hallucination
63
A mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, and lack of interest or pleasure in activities
depression
64
A form of anxiety disorder marked by episodes of intense fear
panic disorder
65
A mental state characterized by jealousy, delusions of persecution, or perceptions of threat or harm
paranoia
65
An extreme, persistent fear of a specific object or situation
phobia
66
A mental disorder extreme enough to cause gross misperception of reality with delusions and hallucinations
psychosis
67
Persistent emotional disturbances that follow exposure to life-threatening, catastrophic events, such as trauma, abuse, natural disasters, and warfare
PTSD
68
any disease of the nervous system
neuropathy
69
x-ray image of the spinal cord
myelogram
70
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
71
Study of the mind
psychology
72
Study of the nervous system
neurology
73
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
74
Largest part of the brain
cerebrum
75
Highest functioning part of the brain
cerebral cortex
76
The terms dura, pia, and arachnoid pertain to the:
meninges
77
The visceral nervous system is described as:
autonomic
78
The innermost layer of the meninges is the:
pia mater
78
The number of pairs of spinal nerves is:
31
79
The autonomic nervous system is separated into:
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
80
The support cells of the nervous system are:
neuroglia
81
Myeloradiculitis is inflammation of the:
spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
82
Hernia of the meninges is:
a meningocele
83
The adjective form of medulla is:
medullary
84
White matter is covered with:
myelin
85
Radiculitis is inflammation of:
nerve roots
86
Aphasia affects:
speech
87
Epilepsy is characterized by:
seizures
88
The common term for a cerebrovascular accident is a:
stroke
89
Cerebral angiography is:
radiography of vessels in the brain
90
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is marked by:
repetitive behaviors
90
Dysthymia is a form of:
depression
90
Polysomnography is a study of:
sleep
91
A neuroleptic drug is used to treat:
psychosis
92
A network, as of nerves, is a:
plexus

Anatomy, Physiology, and Terminology (15 decks)

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