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Pathophysiology > Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

any organism that harbors another organism

A

host

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2
Q

normal organisms that live on or in the body but do not cause disease (present throughout life)

A

microflora

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3
Q

refers to the intensity of the disease produced by pathogens, and it varies among different microbial species (disease-inducing potential)

A

virulence

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4
Q

means that microorganisms are multiplying in or on the host (do not see “infection:)

A

colonization

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5
Q

occurs when an infection results in a change from a state of health

A

disease

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6
Q

most commonly is used to refer to infectious organisms, capable of causing disease in a host (does not always cause disease, but usually does)

A

pathogen

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7
Q

free living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from the environment

A

saprophytes

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8
Q

an interaction in which the microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction

A

mutualism

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9
Q

an interaction in which colonizing bacteria acquire nutritional needs and shelter but the host body is not affected

A

commensalism

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10
Q

only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship

A

parasitic relationship

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11
Q

kinds of various agents:

A

viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

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12
Q

true or false: viral infections are hard to get rid of and are hard to kill.

A

true

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13
Q

true or false: viral infections can reproduce their own cells.

A

false. viral infections can’t reproduce their own cells so they take over some in your body.

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14
Q

viral infections can’t reproduce their own cells so they take over some in your body, then —>

A

unravel DNA and make you make copies of them

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15
Q

gram positive bacteria are stained

A

purple by dye

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16
Q

gram negative bacteria are stained

A

reddish/pink

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17
Q

What will the classification of bacteria tell us?

A

know which antibiotics will work better

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18
Q

Many diabetic patient experience fungi (yeast and molds) why?

A

Fungi grows well in sugary conditions.

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19
Q

Fungi is found where?

A

on the surface of the skin

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20
Q

what are some reasons for contracting infectious diseases?

A
  • immune system fails
  • germs too numerous
  • germs too virulent (infectious)
  • immune system is compromised, damaged, or weakened
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21
Q

person to person transmission

A

direct contact

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22
Q

transmission transferred via nonliving object

A

indirect contact

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23
Q

types of transmission

A

direct, indirect, ingestion, vehicle, inhalation (airborne and droplet), nosocomial

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24
Q

what is nosocomial transmission?

Study These Flashcards
A

infectious disease contracted while being in healthcare setting

25
methods of entry -->
penetration of skin and penetration of mucous membranes
26
what is the most common route of entry for infectious diseases?
mucous membranes
27
What is the infectious process after entry?
colonization --> invasion ---> multiplication --> spread
28
What happens during colonization of the infectious process?
pathogens present, may infect others
29
What happens during invasion of the infectious process?
attaches to host cells via adhesion molecules and receptors:cell injury, alteration in function or death
30
What happens during the multiplication stage of the infectious process?
uses host nutrients/environment. when we become symptomatic. tissue damage
31
what happens during the spread stage of the infectious process?
migration through tissue, circulatory, or lymph systems
32
In what stage of the infectious process do we start see symptoms?
the multiplication stage
33
What is essential for the host to fight off infectino?
protein
34
What are the 5 stages of infectious disease?
1. incubation 2. prodrome 3. acute 4. convalescence 5. resolution
35
describe the incubation period:
time between entry of parasite and appearance of symptoms
36
describe prodrome period:
accompanied by mild symptoms. initial appearance of symptoms vague, general symptoms.
37
In what stage will you feel the worst and will your immune system be activated?
during the acute stage
38
In what stage will sign and symptoms subside?
convalescence stage
39
describe the resolution stage:
where you go back to normal/disease free
40
combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and make you think of a particular disease or abnormal condition. Has to be multiple
syndrome
41
after recovery, some diseases leave after-effects... what is this called
sequelae
42
Your patient has previously had strep but is now recovered. She is now experiencing heart problems. What is this called?
sequelae
43
virulence factors make an infection more likely to cause what?
disease or to make you sick
44
tend to be gram negative bacterial toxins. makes you more and more sick. can lead to other issues
endotoxins
45
during replication, bacteria make these toxins. they create death or dysfunction of cells
exotoxins
46
help infectious organisms stick to the body. like a sticky frog
adhesion factors
47
bacteria/virus comes in and helps bacteria or virus hide from immune system
colonization
48
host becomes more ill as byproducts of damage
invasion factors and toxins
49
what are some examples of virulence factors?
endotoxins, exotoxins, adhesion, colonization, invasion
50
Your patient has an infection limited to a small area... what kind of infection can this be classified as?
localized infection
51
agent has spread throughout whole body
systemic infection
52
caused by infectious agents of their products circulating in blood. toxins and viruses in blood. these are life threatening
toxemia, viremia, and septicemia
53
What kind of lab would you take to grow out a sample and see what kind of bacteria it is?
a culture
54
DNA/RNA sequencing are looking at what?
bacteria
55
competent of blood. includes measurement of antibody tier. tells medical team if your body is ready to fight off infection with the amount of antibodies you have.
serelogy
56
IgM -->
rises during the acute phase, then falls
57
IgG: -->
remains elevated after the acute phase
58
What is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)?
take a bunch of people who have donated blood and put it in bag and give it to patient. pulls the antibodies together and hopefully help patients fight off whatever it is they are fighting. given as a infusion

Pathophysiology (25 decks)

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