Chapter 6: Neoplasia

Question 1

neoplasm

Answer 1

new growth

Question 2

neoplasia

Answer 2

the process of a new growth

Question 3

A neoplasm could also be called what

Answer 3

tumor

Question 4

the common term for all malignant tumors; a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

oncology is defined as

Answer 5

the study of tumors and neoplasm

Question 6

What is a neoplasia?

Answer 6

abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which extends and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after taking away the stimuli that caused it

Question 7

What are the differences between neoplastic growth and normal adaption?

Answer 7

Neoplasms proliferate to form new tissue.

They do not wait for signals from the body that new tissue is needed

The ignore signals to stop dividing

They often do not mature normally (differentiate) to do that “job” the tissue is supposed to do

They do not die off to keep the number of total cells constant.

Question 8

process in which a generic cell develops into a specific type of cell in response to specific triggers from the body or cell itself

Answer 8

differentation

Question 9

reserve cells that remain quiet until a need for replenishment

Answer 9

stem cells

Question 10

define benign tumors

Answer 10

usually don’t turn into cancer.

grow slowly/stop, well defined capsule, not invasive, well differentiated, low mitotic index, do not metastasize, often fibrous, grows by expanison

Question 11

define malignant tumors

Answer 11

cancerous

grow rapidly, not encapsulated, invasive, poorly differentiated, high mitotic index, can spread distantly, rob nutrients, compress vessels, steals enzymes and toxins.

Question 12

majority of cancers are caused by

Answer 12

genetic and molecular mechanisms

Question 13

genetic and molecular mechanisms do what to the body

Answer 13

damage and mutation within the body

Question 14

what are the external factors/environment/hosts that can cause cancer?

Answer 14

age, heredity, enviromental agents, diets, exposures

Question 15

proto-oncogenes-

Answer 15

good guys/normal genes that code proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentation

Question 16

oncogene-

Answer 16

bad guy/ a gene that, when expressed in high levels, helps turn a normal cell into a tumor cell

Question 17

oncogene encourage

Answer 17

the growth of abnormal/mutated gene

Question 18

to help allow for cells to divide and increase in number. when damaged cells try to replicate these stop them until damage is repaired

Answer 18

tumor-supressor gene

Question 19

tumor supressor genes promote

Answer 19

apoptosis

Question 20

malfunctioning tumor supressor genes allow for

Answer 20

damaged cells to continue replication

Question 21

recruitment of blood vessels from the network of neighbooring vessels

Answer 21

angiogenesis

Question 22

angiogenesis is triggered and regulated by

Answer 22

tumor growth factors

Question 23

advanced cancers can secrete _________ factors to faciliate “feeding the tumor”

Answer 23

angiogenic

Question 24

the act of individual tumor cells using blood vessels as highways once angiogenesis has occured

Answer 24

metastasis

Question 25

cancer is predominantly a disease of

Answer 25

aging

Question 26

_______ _______ required before cancer can develop

Answer 26

multiple mutations

Question 27

what is another important factor affecting tumor growth?

Answer 27

age

Question 28

What are some of the external/environmental factors that cause cancer?

Answer 28

chemicals known as carcinogens, radiation, viruses: EBV, HPV, Hep B, heredity, obesity, and hormones

Question 29

______ ________ is an important factor in the development of cancer.

Answer 29

chronic inflammation

Question 30

Your patient comes and has these three signs: obese, inflammation and hormone changes. What do they have an increase risk of?

Answer 30

Cancer

Question 31

What three things can lead to an increase risk of cancer?

Answer 31

obesity, inflammation, and hormone changes

Question 32

What kinds of cancer are linked to family history?

Answer 32

breast, ovarian, prostate, and colon

Question 33

what is important to know about a patient to understand possible links to cancer?

Answer 33

genetic screening and family history.

Question 34

proven human carcinogen

Answer 34

radiation

Question 35

substances produced by tumor cells or by other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign conditions

Answer 35

tumor markers

Question 36

tumor markers are used for

Answer 36

screening, monitoring and detecting recurrence esp in high risk individuals

Question 37

what is the purpose of a pap test?

Answer 37

looking for abnormal cells; size, shape or organization

Question 38

removal of tissue speciman for microscopic study. allows for diagnosing type and background of origin

Answer 38

tissue biopsy

Question 39

what are the main issues with benign tumors?

Answer 39

space occupation, tissue, pain, pressure, bleeding and inflammation secondary to necrosis.

Question 40

true or false: benign tumors can not kill you

Answer 40

false; benign tumors can kill you