Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Terms > Chapter 10 Primary Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Primary Terms Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Includes the brain and the spinal cord, functions include recieving and processing information and regulating all bodily activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from the brain and the 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves, transmits nerve signals to and from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve

A

One or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tract

A

Is a bundle or group of nerve fibers located within the brain or spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ganglion

A

A nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Innervation

A

The supply of nerves to a specific body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plexus

A

Network of intersecting spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receptors

A

Sites in the sensory organs (eyes, ears, skin, nose, and taste buds) that receive external stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Refflex

A

Automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neurons

A

Basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dendrites

A

The root-like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Axon

A

Process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Terminal End Fibers

A

branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nerve impulse from the axon to the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Synapse

A

Space between two neuronss or between a neuron and a receptor organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acetycholine

A

Released at synapses in the spinal cord and at neuromuscular junctions, influences muscle actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dopamine

A

Released within the brain, plays a role in motivation, pleasure, and muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Endorphins

A

Naturally occuring substances that are produced by the brain to help relieve pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Affects alertness and arousal, increasing blood pressure and heart rate, and releasing stores of glucose in response to stress, fight or flight response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Serotonin

A

Released in the brain, has roles in sleep, hunger, and pleasure recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glial Cells

A

Provide support and protection for neurons, four main functions: surround neurons and hold them in place, supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, insulate one neuron from another, destroy and remove dead neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Protective covering made up of glail cells, white seath forms the white matter of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Meninges

A

System of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord, 3 layers of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Dura Mater | *Three Layers*
Thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges | **Dura** means hard, **mater** means mother
25
Arachnoid Membrane
Resembles a spider web, is the second layer of the meninges
26
Pia Mater
Third layer of the meninges, located nearest to the brain and spinal cord, delicate connective tissue that contains a rich supply of blood vessels
27
Cerebrospinal Fluid | *Spinal Fluid*
Produced by special capillaries within the four ventricles located in the middle region of the cerebrum
28
Cerebrum
Largest and uppermost portion of the brain, responsible for all thought, judgement, memory, and emotion
29
Cerebral
Pertaining to the cerebrum or to the brain | **Cerebr** means brain, **al** means pertaining
30
Cerebral Cortex
Made up of gray matter, is the outer layer of the cerebrum and is made up of elevated folds and deep fissures
31
Gyri
Elevated folds of gray matter in the cerebral cortex
32
Sulci
Fissures of the cerebral cortex
33
Cerebral Hemispheres
The two hemispheres of the cerebrum
34
Left Cerebral Hemisphere
Controls the majority of functions on the right side of the body, injury to the left affects the right side of the body
35
Right Cerebral Hemisphere
Controls most of the functions on the left side of the body, injury to the right side effects the left side of the body
36
Frontal Lobe
Controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior
37
Parietal Lobe
Recieves and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles
38
Occipital Lobe
Controls eyesight
39
Thalamus
Located below the cerebrum, produces sensations by relaying impulses to and from the cerebrum and the sense organs of the body
40
Temporal Lobe
Controls the sense of hearing and smell, and the ability to create, store, and access new information
41
Hypothalamus
Located below the thalamus
42
Cerebellum
Second-largest part of the brain, located at the back of the head
43
Brainstem
Stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord
44
Midbrain and Pons
Provide conduction pathways to and from the higher anf lower centers in the brain, control reflexes for movements of the eyes
45
Medulla Oblongata
Located at the lowest part of the brainstem, is connected to the spinal cord, controls basic survival functions
46
Spinal Cord
Long, fragile, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spinal cord
47
Autonomic Nerve Fibers
Carry instructions to the prgans and glands from the autonomic nervous system
48
Cranial Nerves
Orgininate from the under-surface of the brain, named for the area they serve
49
Autonomic Nervous System
Organized into two divisions, one comprising sympathetic nerves, the other parasympathetic nerves, controls involuntary actions of the body
50
Sympathetic Nerves
Prepare the body for emergencies and stress by increasing the respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood flow to muscles
51
Parasympathetic Nerves
Return the body to normal after a response to stress, maintain notmal body functions during ordinary circumstances that aren't emotionally or physically stressful
52
Anesthesiologist
Physcian who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery | **An** means without, **esthesi** means feeling
53
Anesthetist
Medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but isn't a physician | **An** means without, **esthet** means feeling
54
Neurologist
Physician who specializess in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system | **Neur** means nerve, **ologist** means specialist
55
Neurosurgeon
Physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system
56
Psychiatrist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness | **Psych** means mind
57
Psychologist
Has a PhD but is not a medical doctor, evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness
58
Social Worker
Trained therapist, usually with a master's
59
Cephalalgia | *Headache*
Pain in the head | **Cephal** means head, **algia** means pain
60
Migraine Headache
Characterized by pain on one side of the head
61
Cluster Headaches
Intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head
62
Encephalocele
Congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull | **Encephal/o** means brain, **cele** means hernia
63
Meningocele
Congenital herniation of the mininges through a defect in the skull or spinal column | **Mening/o** means meninges
64
Hydrocephalus
Condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the venticles of the head
65
Meningoma
Common, slow-growing, usually benign tumor of the meninges | **Mening/i** means meninges, **oma** means tumor
66
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord | **Mening** means meninges, **itis** means inflammation
67
Chiari Malformation
Congenital condition in which part of the cerebellum extends down into the spinal canal
68
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain, can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies | **Encephal** means brain, **itis** means inflammation
69
Tetanus
Acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
69
Reye's Syndrome (RS)
Serious and potentially deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion
70
Tourette Syndrome
Complex neurological disorder characterized by invouluntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances that sometimes include obscenities
71
Cognition
Describes the mental associated with thinking, learning, and memory
72
Dementia
Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgement, often accompanied by personality changes
73
Vascular Dementia
Form of demetia caused by a stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain
74
Neurodegenerative Disease
Umbrella term for disorders in which there is a prgressive loss of the structure or functions of the neurons
74
Alzheimer's Disease
Group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language
75
Parkinson's Disease
Chronic, degeneratice central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidty, and a slow or shuffling gait
76
Tremor
Repetitive, invouluntary muscle movement usually involving the hands, arms, head, or face
76
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | *Lou Gehrig's Disease*
Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
77
Amnesia
Memory disturbance characterized by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences
78
Concussion
Violent shaking up or jarring of the brain | **Concuss** means shaken together, **ion** means condition
79
Cerebral Contusion
Bruising of the brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull | **Contus** means bruise, **ion** means condition
80
Cranial Hematoma
Collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain | **Hemat** means blood, **oma** means tumor
80
Traumatic Brain Injury
Blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain
80
Coup
Injuring occuring within the skull near the point of impact
81
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone
82
Levels of Consciousness
Describe the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus
83
Lethargy
Lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy
84
Stupor
Unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused pmly briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts
85
Syncope | *Fainting*
Brief loss of consciousness caused by the deceased flow of blood to the brain
86
Coma
Profound state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech
87
Persistent Vegetative State
Type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles
88
Delirium
Acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations
89
Brain Tumor
Abnormal growth located inside the skull
90
Glioblastoma
Type of fast growing, malignat brain tumor that form glial cells
91

Med Terms (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions