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Med Terms > Chapter 5 Primary Words > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Primary Words Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Cardi/o means heart, vascul means blood vessels

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2
Q

Heart

A

Hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, very effective blood pump

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3
Q

Pericardium

Pericardial Sac

A

Double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

Peri means surrounding, cardi means heart

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4
Q

Epicardium

A

External layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

Epi means upon, cardi means heart

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers, specialized muscle tissue capable of constant contraction and relaxation

Myo means muscle, cardi means heart

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6
Q

Endocardium

A

Consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the heart, comes into contact with pumping blood

Endo means within, cardi means heart

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7
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

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8
Q

Atria

A

The two upper chambers of the heart, divided by the interatrial septum, recieving chambers

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9
Q

Ventricles

A

Two lower chambers of the heart, divided by the interventricular septum

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10
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Tri means three

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11
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary means pertaining to the lungs

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12
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Located between the left atrium and left ventricle

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13
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Aort means aorta, ic means pertaining to

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14
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

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15
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

Carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle into the lungs

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16
Q

Pulomonary Veins

A

Carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

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17
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

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18
Q

Heartbeat

A

Ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body

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19
Q

Conduction System

A

Electrical impulses are controlled by the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of his

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20
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

A

Located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, establishes basic rhythm and rate of heartbeat

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21
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

A

The impulses from the SA Node travel to the AV node, transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His

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22
Q

Bundle of His

A

Group of fibers located within the interventricular septum, carry an electrical impulse to secure the sequence of the heart contractions

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23
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles, relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles

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24
Q

P Wave

A

Due to the stimulation/ contraction of the atria

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25
QRS Complex
Shows the stimulation/contraction of the ventricles
26
T Wave
Recovery/relaxation of the ventricles
27
Arteries
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all reigons of the body
28
Aorta
Largest blood vessel in the body
29
Carotid Arteries
Major arteries that carry blood upward toward the head
30
Arterioles
Smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
31
Capillaries
The only one epithelial cell in thickness, slow the flow of blood
32
Veins
Form a low-pressure collecting systen to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart
33
Venules
Smallest veins that join to form the larger veins
34
Venae Cavae
Two largest veins in the body, return blood to the heart
35
Pulse
Rythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart
36
Blood Pressure
Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries
37
Systolic Pressure
Occurs when the ventricles contract, highest pressure against the walls of an artery | **Systole** means contraction of the heart
38
Diastolic Pressure
Occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, lowest pressure against the walls of an artery | **Diastole** means relaxation of the heart
39
Plasma
Straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products
39
Serum
Plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed
40
Fibrinogen/Prothrombin
The clotting proteins found in the plasma
41
Erythrocytes | *Red Blood Cells* (RBC)
Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow, primary roll is to transport oxygen to the tissues | **Erythr/o** means red, -**cytes** means cells
42
Hemoglobin
Oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes | **Hem/o** means blood, **globin** means protein
43
Leukocytes | *White Blood Cells* (WBC)
Blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foriegn substances | **Leuk/o** means white, -**cytes** means cells
44
Neutrophils
Formed in red bone marrow, most common type of WBC
45
Basophils
Formed in red bone marrow, least common type of WBC, resposible for causing the symptoms of allergies
46
Eosinophils
Formed in the red bone marrow, migrate to tissues throughout the body, destroy parasitic organisms
47
Lymphocytes
Formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, identify foreign substances and germs
48
Monocytes
Formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen, provide immunological defenses against infectious organisms
49
Thrombocytes | *Platelets*
Smallest formed elements of the blood, important role in the clotting of blood | **Thromb/o** means clot, **cytes** means cells
50
Blood Types
Classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens
51
Rh Factor
Defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells
52
Blood Gases
Gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood, magor blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
53
Cardiologist
Physician who specialized in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disroders of the heart
54
Hematologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood forming tissue | **Hemat** means blood, **ologist** means specialist
55
Vascular Surgeon
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment of the blood vessels
56
Telemetry Nurse
Specializes in the use of technology within a hospital unit to track vital signs such as blood pressure and heart rythms
57
Congenital Heart Defects
Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth
58
Coronary Artery Disease | *Coronary Heart Disease*
Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
59
Atherosclerosis
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque on the interior walls of the arteries | **Ather/o** means plaque, **sclerosis** means abnormal hardening
60
Ischemia
Condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body
61
Angina | *Angina Pectoris*
Condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium
62
Myocardial Infarction | *Heart attack*
The occlusion of one or more cornonary arteries caused by plaque buildup | **Occlusion** means total blockage ## Footnote **Infarction** means insuffiency of blood
63
Heart Failure
Often after the heart has been weakened or damaged by other health issues
64
Congestive Heart Failure
Causes fluid to backup which results in edema (swelling), can cause accumulation of fluid in the lungs
65
Left-sided Heart Failure
Systolic or diastolic failure depending on which action of the heart has been affected
66
Right-sided Heart Failure
Often the result of left sided heart failure, causes fluid buildup
67
Cardiomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the heart that is frequently associated with heart failure | **Cardi/o** means heart, **megaly** means abnormal enlargement
68
Carditis
Inflammation of the heart | **Card** means heart, **itis** means inflammation
68
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart | **Endo** means within, **card** means heart, **itis** means inflammation
68
Infective Endocarditis | *Bacterial Endocarditis*
Inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
68
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium, causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac | **Peri** means surrounding, **card** means heart, **itis** inflammation
69
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium that develops as a rarely seen complication of a viral infection | **My/o** means muscle, **card** means heart, **itis** means inflammation
69
Cardiomyopathy
Term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle | **My/o** means muscle, **pathy** means disease
69
Heart Murmur
Abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring blood vesselss
69
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
70
Valvular Stenosis
Condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart
71
Heart Valve Disease
Degenerative disorder that prevents heart valves from opening and closing properly, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness
72
Aortic Stenosis
Buildup of calcium and fat deposits in the aortic valve, causes narrowing that prevents the valve from opening fully
73
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Occurs when the mitral valve does not close tightly, thus allowing blood to leak back through the opening
73
Arrythmia
Loss of the normal ryhtm of the heartbeat
74
Asystole | *Flatline*
Complete lack of electrical activity in the heart | **A** means without, **systole** means contraction
75
Cardiac Arrest
Event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrythmia that prevents it from pumoing blood effectively
76
Heart Block
Congenital or accquired arrythmia caused by the electrical signal moving through the heart being partially ir completely blocked from reaching the ventricles
77
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow resting heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute | **Brady** means slow, **card** means heart
78
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid resting heart rate, greater than 100bpm | **Tachy** means rapid, **card** means heart
79
Supraventricular Tachycardia
An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular
80
Ventricular Tachycardia
Very rapid heartbeat

Med Terms (26 decks)

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