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Chapter 6 Primary Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Lacteals

A

Specialized structures pf the lumphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream

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2
Q

Intersitial Fluid

A

Plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries, then into the spaces between the cells of the tissues

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3
Q

Lymphatic Circulatory System

A

Circulates blood throughout the body, no pumping organ, flows in only one direction

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3
Q

Lymph

A

Clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins

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4
Q

Lymphatic Capillaries

A

Microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness

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5
Q

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Valves to prevent the backwards flow of lymph

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6
Q

Right Lymphatic Duct

A

Collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, upper right quadrant, and right arm

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7
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, upper left quadrant, left arm, entire lower protion of the trunk, and both legs

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8
Q

Lymph Node

A

Contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens

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9
Q

Cervical Lymph Nodes

A

Located along the sides of the neck

Cervic means neck, -al means pertaining to

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10
Q

Axillary Lymph Nodes

A

Located in the armpits

Axill means armpit, -ary means pertaining to

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11
Q

Inguinal Lymoh Nodes

A

Located in the inguinal area of the lower abdomen

Inguin means groin, -al means pertaining to

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells, defends the body against antigens

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13
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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14
Q

Natural Killer Cells

A

Play an important roll in the killing of cancer cells and cells infexted by viruses

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15
Q

B Cells

A

Specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies

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16
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to desstroy specific antigens

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17
Q

T Cells

A

Lymphocytes play a central role in cell-medicated immunity

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18
Q

Cytokines

A

Group of proteins sych as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells, signal to begin the immune response

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19
Q

Interferons

A

Produced in response to the presence of antigens, activate the immune response, fight virusesby slowing or stopping their multiplication

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20
Q

Interleukins

A

Multiple rolls, directing B and T cells to diveide and proliferate

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21
Q

Tonsils

A

Three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of your throat, prevent pathogens from entering the respiratory system

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22
Q

Adenoids

A

Located in the nasopharynx

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23
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Located on the left and right sides of the throat area

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24
Lingual Tonsils
Located at the base of the tongue but are not visible
25
Thymus
Mass of lymphoid tissue above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty, secretes a hormone that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes
26
Vermiform Appendix | *Appendix*
Hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, may play a role in the immune system
27
Spleen
Sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue, filters microorganisms
28
Hemolytic
Function of destryoing worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
29
Intact Skin
Skin that hasn't been cut or scraped
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Respiratory System
Traps breathed in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane
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Digestive System
Uses acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swalloed or consumed with food
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Lymphatic System
Specialized leukocytes work together in specific ways to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeded in entering the body
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Antigen-antibody Reaction | *Immnune reaction*
Involves binding antigens to antibodies
34
Tolerance
Refers to an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen
35
Antibody
Disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
36
Immunoglobulins
Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response, five primary types are called antibodies
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Monocytes
Leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms, when they leave the bloodstream they become macrophages and dendritic cells
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Phagocytes
Specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens
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Macrophage
Leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells, also remove dead cells and stimulate other immune cells | **Macro** means large, -**phage** means a cell that eats
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Dendritic Cells
Specialized leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections
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Complement System
Group of protiens that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form, when needed they complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens | *Complemtent* means to complete or make whole
40
Immunity
State of being resistant to a specific disease
41
Natural Immunity | *Passive Immunity*
Resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or esposure to a disease, present at birth
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Acquired Immunity
Obtained by having had a contagious disease, vaccinated makes this without needing to have had the disease
43
Allergist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions
44
Infectious Disease Specialist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases caused by microorganims such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites
44
Immunologist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system | **Immun** means protected, **ologist** means specialist
45
Lymphologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system | **Lymph** means lymphatic system, **ologist** means specialist
46
Lymphadenitis | *Swollen Glands*
Inflammation of the lymph nodes | **Lymphaden** means lymph nodes, **itis** means inflammation
47
Oncologist
Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating maligant disorders such as tumors and cancer | **Onc** means tumor, **ologist** means specialist
48
Lymphadenopathy
Any disease affecting a lymph node or nodes | **Lymphaden/o** means lymph nodes, ** pathy** means disease
49
Lymphangioma
Benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system | **Lymph** means lymph, **angi** means lymph vessel, -**oma** means tumor
50
Ruptured Spleen
Medical emergency that occurs when the covering of the spleen is torn, usually the result of a blow to the abdomen
51
Spleenomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen | **Spleen/o** means spleen, **megaly** means abnormal enlargement
52
Lymphoscintigraphy
Diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels, radioactive substance is injected into lymph ducts, scanner or probe follows it's movements
53
Lymphedema
Swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues, not caused by an injury
54
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy
Noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema, measures the resistance to an electrical current passed through the affected limb
55
Allergic Reaction
Occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it was a dangerous invader
56
Allergy | *Hypersensitivity*
An overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
57
Allergen
Substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
58
Localized Allergic Reaction
Includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen, ie. posion ivy
59
Systemic Reaction | *Anaphylaxis*
Severe response to an allergen
59
Antihistamines
Medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of allergy to wind borne pollens and other types of allergies
60
Autoimmune Disorder
Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens
61
Immunodeficiency Disorder
An inherited condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection and failure to thrive as a result of infections
62
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Blood borne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail
63
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | *AIDS*
Most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection
64
Oppurtunistic Infection
Caused by a pthogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans, debilitated humans cause the pathogen to create an infection
65
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Example pf an oppurtunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV, cancer causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin
66
ELSIA | *Enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay*
Blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies, as well as Lyme disease and others
67
Synthetic Immunoglobulins | *Immune Serum*
Used as a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some types of hepatitis
68
Immunotherapy
Disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response | **Immun/o** means immune, -**therapy** means treatment
69
Synthetic Interferon
Used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers
70
Monoclonal Antibodies
Any class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by identical offspring of a clone of specific cells
70
Immunosuppression
Is treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antigens
71
Immunosuppressant
A substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response, administered to prevent the rejection of donor tissue and to depress autoimmune disorders
72
Corticosteroid Drug
Synthetic hormone that closely resembles the cortisol secreted by the adrenal glands
73
Cytotoxic Drug
Medication that kills or damages cells | **Cyt/o** means cell, **tox** means poison, -**ic** means pertaining to
73
Bacteria
One celled mircoscopic organisms, most are not harmful to humans
73
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease in humans
74
Anthrax
Contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with *Bacillus anthracis*
74
Bacilli
Rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria
75
Rickettsia
Small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites, *Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever* is caused by rickettsia that is transmitted through the bite of a tick
76
Spirochetes
Long, slender, sprial-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
77
Lyme Disease
Transmitted to humans through the bite of a tick
77
Shigellosis
An infection caused by the bacteria *shigella*, can be prevented by good hygiene and handwashing
78
Staphylococcus Aureus
Form of staphylococcus that often infects wounds and caused seious problems such as toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning
79
Streptococci
Bacteria that form a chain, many are harmless but some cause serious illnesses such as strep throat
79
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Occur when antibiotics fail to kill all the bacteria they target, surviving bacteria become resistant to this particular drug
80
Methicillian-resistant Staphyloccus Aureus (MRSA)
One of several types of bacteria that are now resistant to most antibodies, serious, difficult to treat, and can be fatal
81
Fungus
Simple parasitic organism
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Med Terms (26 decks)

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