Chapter 10 Pt 2- Kailey Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 10 Pt 2- Kailey Deck (34)
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1
Q

What occurs in transposition of the great arteries/vessels

A

The right ventricle connects to the aorta and the left ventricle connects to the pulmonary artery and they operate as 2 completely separate systems

2
Q

A person can survive with Transposition of the great arteries

A

False, This is incompatible with postnatal life and requires shunting (natural)

3
Q

Are males or females more likely to have aortic coarctation

A

Males (2x more likely)

4
Q

What is it called when there is a congenital narrowing or constriction of the aorta

A

Aortic Coarctation

5
Q

Females with ______ frequently have aortic coartation

A

Turners Syndrome

6
Q

The Infantile form of Aortic Coarctation is characterized by hypoplasia of the aortic arch proximal to a PDA

A

True it is “pre-ductal”

7
Q

Which form of Aortic Coarctation is usually asymptomatic and has an infolding of the aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

A

Adult form “Post Ductal”

8
Q

More than half of Aortic Coarctation cases are accompanied by a bicuspid aortic valve

A

True

9
Q

In which condition may a person have upper extremity hypertension and lower extremity hypotension

A

Aortic Coarctation

10
Q

in which form of aortic coarctation may the right ventricle hypertrophy? left ventricle?

A

Infantile “with PDA” hypertrophies the right

Adult hypertrophies the left

11
Q

what condition causes 90% of ischemic heart disease cases

A

Coronary Artery disease (considered synonymous)

12
Q

In Ischemic Heart Disease how long will it take to cause dysfunction? Necrosis?

A

1-2 minutes = dysfunction

20-40 minutes = necrosis

13
Q

When what percentage of an artery is occluded will a person get angina pectoris at rest

A

> 90%

14
Q

In Angina Pectoris “chest pain” there is ischemia and cell death caused by lack of blood flow to the heart

A

False, Angina Pectoris is Ischemia with No cellular death

* If cell death is occurring you are having an MI

15
Q

What are the three types of Angina Pectoris?

A

1) Stable/Typical
2) Variant/Prinzmetal
3) Unstable/Cresendo

16
Q

In Stable/Typical Angina Pectoris the chest pain is intermittent (usually associated with exertion) and feels like a crushing of squeezing of the chest

A

True

17
Q

Where may pain from angina pectoris radiate to?

A

Left Jaw, left arm, back and shoulders

18
Q

Which type of Angina Pectoris is characterized by vasospasm at rest

A

Variant/Prinzmetal

19
Q

Unstable Angina is more severe, occurs more frequently, and for longer than other types of angina pectoris. It is provoked by an increase in physical activity

A

False, A decrease in Physical activity

20
Q

which type of angina pectoris may you expect someone to have if they have 90% occlusion of their coronary arteries

A

Unstable Angina

21
Q

What are some unique characteristics of Angina Pectoris in Females

A

They may have NO angina (chest pain)

- Dyspnea, unexplained fatigue, upset stomach, back pain, nausea

22
Q

Acute Coronary Artery Thrombosis causes 75% of Myocardial Infarctions

A

False, 90%

23
Q

Which coronary artery is involved in 40-50% of MI’s

A

Left Anterior descending coronary artery

24
Q

a Subendocardial Infarction is limited to the outer 1/3 of the myocardium. The subendocardial region is the most vulnerable to hypoxia

A

False, limited to the Inner 1/3

25
Q

what is it called when an infarct involves the entire ventricle wall thickness

A

Transmural infarct

26
Q

What is Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease?

A

progressive heart failure secondary to ischemic myocardial damage (Survival of MI).
- compensatory mechanisms (hypertrophy and dilation) of remaining viable myocardium begin to fail

27
Q

What condition is caused by a blow to the sternal region that disrupts the hearts rhythm

A

Commotio Cordis

  • Males 15ys
  • 65% lethal
28
Q

What is the most common causes sudden cardiac death

A
A sustained arrythmia (MC involving left ventricle)
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) = 80-90%
Asystole = 10% (rare)
29
Q

What criteria are required to diagnose systemic (left sided) hypertensive heart disease

A

1) History of Hypertension

2) Left Ventricular hypertrophy in absence of pathology

30
Q

Systemic Hypertensive Heart Disease is Most Often Asymptomatic

A

True

31
Q

What is another name for Pulmonary Hypertensive heart disease?

A

Cor Pulmonale

32
Q

What causes Pulmonary Hypertensive Hear Disease?

A

A lung pathology (in parenchyma or vasculature) causes pulmonary hypertension resulting in right sided heart failure
** begins with lung pathology

33
Q

Cor Pulmonale can be caused by left ventricular failure which causes a back up in pulmonary circulation

A

False, Cor Pulmonale is right sided failure only

34
Q

Cor Pulmonale can be acute or chronic

A

True
Acute - caused by pulmonary embolism
Chronic - caused by COPD or Pulmonary Fibrosis