Chapter 10 Pt 2- Kailey

Question 1

What occurs in transposition of the great arteries/vessels

Answer 1

The right ventricle connects to the aorta and the left ventricle connects to the pulmonary artery and they operate as 2 completely separate systems

Question 2

A person can survive with Transposition of the great arteries

Answer 2

False, This is incompatible with postnatal life and requires shunting (natural)

Question 3

Are males or females more likely to have aortic coarctation

Answer 3

Males (2x more likely)

Question 4

What is it called when there is a congenital narrowing or constriction of the aorta

Answer 4

Aortic Coarctation

Question 5

Females with ______ frequently have aortic coartation

Answer 5

Turners Syndrome

Question 6

The Infantile form of Aortic Coarctation is characterized by hypoplasia of the aortic arch proximal to a PDA

Answer 6

True it is “pre-ductal”

Question 7

Which form of Aortic Coarctation is usually asymptomatic and has an infolding of the aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 7

Adult form “Post Ductal”

Question 8

More than half of Aortic Coarctation cases are accompanied by a bicuspid aortic valve

Answer 8

True

Question 9

In which condition may a person have upper extremity hypertension and lower extremity hypotension

Answer 9

Aortic Coarctation

Question 10

in which form of aortic coarctation may the right ventricle hypertrophy? left ventricle?

Answer 10

Infantile “with PDA” hypertrophies the right

Adult hypertrophies the left

Question 11

what condition causes 90% of ischemic heart disease cases

Answer 11

Coronary Artery disease (considered synonymous)

Question 12

In Ischemic Heart Disease how long will it take to cause dysfunction? Necrosis?

Answer 12

1-2 minutes = dysfunction

20-40 minutes = necrosis

Question 13

When what percentage of an artery is occluded will a person get angina pectoris at rest

Answer 13

> 90%

Question 14

In Angina Pectoris “chest pain” there is ischemia and cell death caused by lack of blood flow to the heart

Answer 14

False, Angina Pectoris is Ischemia with No cellular death

* If cell death is occurring you are having an MI

Question 15

What are the three types of Angina Pectoris?

Answer 15

1) Stable/Typical
2) Variant/Prinzmetal
3) Unstable/Cresendo

Question 16

In Stable/Typical Angina Pectoris the chest pain is intermittent (usually associated with exertion) and feels like a crushing of squeezing of the chest

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Where may pain from angina pectoris radiate to?

Answer 17

Left Jaw, left arm, back and shoulders

Question 18

Which type of Angina Pectoris is characterized by vasospasm at rest

Answer 18

Variant/Prinzmetal

Question 19

Unstable Angina is more severe, occurs more frequently, and for longer than other types of angina pectoris. It is provoked by an increase in physical activity

Answer 19

False, A decrease in Physical activity

Question 20

which type of angina pectoris may you expect someone to have if they have 90% occlusion of their coronary arteries

Answer 20

Unstable Angina

Question 21

What are some unique characteristics of Angina Pectoris in Females

Answer 21

They may have NO angina (chest pain)

- Dyspnea, unexplained fatigue, upset stomach, back pain, nausea

Question 22

Acute Coronary Artery Thrombosis causes 75% of Myocardial Infarctions

Answer 22

False, 90%

Question 23

Which coronary artery is involved in 40-50% of MI’s

Answer 23

Left Anterior descending coronary artery

Question 24

a Subendocardial Infarction is limited to the outer 1/3 of the myocardium. The subendocardial region is the most vulnerable to hypoxia

Answer 24

False, limited to the Inner 1/3

Question 25

what is it called when an infarct involves the entire ventricle wall thickness

Answer 25

Transmural infarct

Question 26

What is Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease?

Answer 26

progressive heart failure secondary to ischemic myocardial damage (Survival of MI). - compensatory mechanisms (hypertrophy and dilation) of remaining viable myocardium begin to fail

Question 27

What condition is caused by a blow to the sternal region that disrupts the hearts rhythm

Answer 27

Commotio Cordis - Males 15ys - 65% lethal

Question 28

What is the most common causes sudden cardiac death

Answer 28

``` A sustained arrythmia (MC involving left ventricle) Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) = 80-90% Asystole = 10% (rare) ```

Question 29

What criteria are required to diagnose systemic (left sided) hypertensive heart disease

Answer 29

1) History of Hypertension | 2) Left Ventricular hypertrophy in absence of pathology

Question 30

Systemic Hypertensive Heart Disease is Most Often Asymptomatic

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is another name for Pulmonary Hypertensive heart disease?

Answer 31

Cor Pulmonale

Question 32

What causes Pulmonary Hypertensive Hear Disease?

Answer 32

A lung pathology (in parenchyma or vasculature) causes pulmonary hypertension resulting in right sided heart failure ** begins with lung pathology

Question 33

Cor Pulmonale can be caused by left ventricular failure which causes a back up in pulmonary circulation

Answer 33

False, Cor Pulmonale is right sided failure only

Question 34

Cor Pulmonale can be acute or chronic

Answer 34

True Acute - caused by pulmonary embolism Chronic - caused by COPD or Pulmonary Fibrosis