Chapter 12 Pt 1 - Kailey

Question 1

How many Lobes in the Left Lung? In the Right?

Answer 1

Left = 2
Right = 3

Question 2

What is the term for the part of the lung distal to the terminal bronchiole

Answer 2

Ancinus

- composed of alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveolus

Question 3

What is a loss of lung volume caused by failure to expand

Answer 3

Atelectasis/Collapse

Question 4

In atelectasis inadequately oxygenated blood is shunted from pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins resulting in hypoxia

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the three categories of atelectsis

Answer 5

Resorption
Compression
Contraction

Question 6

Which category of atelectasis occurs when there is an obstruction of the airway that prevents air from reaching distal airways

Answer 6

Resorption Atelectasis

* Most often caused my Mucopurulent Plug

Question 7

Which category of atelectasis is associated with accumulation of fluid/blood or air within the pleural cavity which causes mechanical collapse

Answer 7

Compression Atelectasis

Question 8

Which type of atelectasis occurs when there are scarring/fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura which hinders expansion of the lung

Answer 8

Contraction Atelectasis (A.K.A Cicatrization Atelectasis)

Question 9

In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome there is diffuse alveolar damage and unilateral vascular and epithelial damage

Answer 9

False, there is Bilateral Vascular and Epithelial damage

Question 10

What life threatening condition is characterized by rapid onset of dyspnea, alveolar edema/damage and neutrophil accumulation that prevents gas exchange causing cyanosis, decreased BP and Organ failure

Answer 10

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Question 11

What is the difference between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases

Answer 11

Obstructive = limitation of airflow (Wheezing)
Restrictive = reduced expansion of lungs

Question 12

In which type of pulmonary disease (Obstructive or restrictive) is expiration decreased

Answer 12

Obstructive

Question 13

_________ is characterized by permanent pulmonary destruction/enlargement (destruction of alveolar septa and enlarged acini)

Answer 13

Emphysema

Question 14

In which form of Emphysema is the central part of the acini damaged while the distal alveoli are spared

Answer 14

Centriacinar (Centrilobular)

Question 15

Which type of Emphysema is more common

Answer 15

Centriacinar

Question 16

In which form of Emphysema are the acini uniformly enlarged

Answer 16

Pancinar

Question 17

Pancinar Emphysema is located most often in the lung apices

Answer 17

False, this is for Centriacinar

Pancinar emphysema is located in lower lungs

Question 18

Which type of Emphysema is a consequence of cigarette smoking? Which occurs because of an alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 18

cigarette smoking - centriacinar

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency - pancinar

Question 19

In which type of emphysema are there emphysematous and normal air spaces existing together in the same acinus and lobule

Answer 19

Centriacinar Emphysema

Question 20

Most patient with emphysema will also have signs of bronchitis but patients with just pure emphysema are called what

Answer 20

Pink Puffers

Question 21

_________ is the presence of a persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years

Answer 21

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 22

What is the hallmark of chronic bronchitis

Answer 22

hypersecretion of mucus (yellow/green)

Question 23

When emphysema and chronic bronchitis are grouped together what condition it is called

Answer 23

COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 24

What shared risk factors do both emphysema and chronic bronchitis have

Answer 24

Cigarette smoking and air pollution

Question 25

COPD is associated with reversible airflow obstruction

Answer 25

False, Irriversible

Question 26

Asthma is associated with Reversible airflow obstruction

Answer 26

True

Question 27

In which condition do we see curschmann spirals and charcot leyden crystals

Answer 27

Asthma (In the mucus)

Question 28

What condition is described as intermittent and reversible airway obstruction, chronic bronchial inflammation, bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased mucus secretion

Answer 28

Asthma

Question 29

In people with asthma they have difficulty inhaling and exhaling and it is more pronounced in the morning or evenings

Answer 29

True

Question 30

which form of asthma is the most common form (70%), has a childhood onset and it triggered by environmental antigens (Type 1 hypersensitivity)

Answer 30

Atopic (Extrinsic)

Question 31

Which form of asthma is characterized by chroncial inflammation and hyperresponsiveness triggered by non-immune stimuli such as viruses, stress, cold air, drugs or inhaled irritants

Answer 31

Non-Atopic (Intrinsic) | * No allergen sensitization

Question 32

what are the key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma

Answer 32

eosinophils

Question 33

In chronic asthma the airway is obstructed by thickening of the bronchial smooth muscles, increased mucus production and hyperinflation of acini

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What condition is characterized by permanent dilation of bronchial tree due to a necrotizing infection that destroys tissue

Answer 34

Bronchiectasis

Question 35

Bronciectasis is most common in the apices of the lungs

Answer 35

False, in the lower lobes

Question 36

A patient describes to you that they have bouts of severe coughing with a foul smelling sputum after being diagnosed with necrotizing pneumnia a few weeks ago. what condition do you suspect

Answer 36

Bronchiectasis