Chapter 12 Pt 1 - Kailey Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 12 Pt 1 - Kailey Deck (36)
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1
Q

How many Lobes in the Left Lung? In the Right?

A
Left = 2
Right = 3
2
Q

What is the term for the part of the lung distal to the terminal bronchiole

A

Ancinus

- composed of alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveolus

3
Q

What is a loss of lung volume caused by failure to expand

A

Atelectasis/Collapse

4
Q

In atelectasis inadequately oxygenated blood is shunted from pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins resulting in hypoxia

A

True

5
Q

What are the three categories of atelectsis

A

Resorption
Compression
Contraction

6
Q

Which category of atelectasis occurs when there is an obstruction of the airway that prevents air from reaching distal airways

A

Resorption Atelectasis

* Most often caused my Mucopurulent Plug

7
Q

Which category of atelectasis is associated with accumulation of fluid/blood or air within the pleural cavity which causes mechanical collapse

A

Compression Atelectasis

8
Q

Which type of atelectasis occurs when there are scarring/fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura which hinders expansion of the lung

A

Contraction Atelectasis (A.K.A Cicatrization Atelectasis)

9
Q

In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome there is diffuse alveolar damage and unilateral vascular and epithelial damage

A

False, there is Bilateral Vascular and Epithelial damage

10
Q

What life threatening condition is characterized by rapid onset of dyspnea, alveolar edema/damage and neutrophil accumulation that prevents gas exchange causing cyanosis, decreased BP and Organ failure

A

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

11
Q

What is the difference between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases

A
Obstructive = limitation of airflow (Wheezing)
Restrictive = reduced expansion of lungs
12
Q

In which type of pulmonary disease (Obstructive or restrictive) is expiration decreased

A

Obstructive

13
Q

_________ is characterized by permanent pulmonary destruction/enlargement (destruction of alveolar septa and enlarged acini)

A

Emphysema

14
Q

In which form of Emphysema is the central part of the acini damaged while the distal alveoli are spared

A

Centriacinar (Centrilobular)

15
Q

Which type of Emphysema is more common

A

Centriacinar

16
Q

In which form of Emphysema are the acini uniformly enlarged

A

Pancinar

17
Q

Pancinar Emphysema is located most often in the lung apices

A

False, this is for Centriacinar

Pancinar emphysema is located in lower lungs

18
Q

Which type of Emphysema is a consequence of cigarette smoking? Which occurs because of an alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

cigarette smoking - centriacinar

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency - pancinar

19
Q

In which type of emphysema are there emphysematous and normal air spaces existing together in the same acinus and lobule

A

Centriacinar Emphysema

20
Q

Most patient with emphysema will also have signs of bronchitis but patients with just pure emphysema are called what

A

Pink Puffers

21
Q

_________ is the presence of a persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic Bronchitis

22
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic bronchitis

A

hypersecretion of mucus (yellow/green)

23
Q

When emphysema and chronic bronchitis are grouped together what condition it is called

A

COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

24
Q

What shared risk factors do both emphysema and chronic bronchitis have

A

Cigarette smoking and air pollution

25
Q

COPD is associated with reversible airflow obstruction

A

False, Irriversible

26
Q

Asthma is associated with Reversible airflow obstruction

A

True

27
Q

In which condition do we see curschmann spirals and charcot leyden crystals

A

Asthma (In the mucus)

28
Q

What condition is described as intermittent and reversible airway obstruction, chronic bronchial inflammation, bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased mucus secretion

A

Asthma

29
Q

In people with asthma they have difficulty inhaling and exhaling and it is more pronounced in the morning or evenings

A

True

30
Q

which form of asthma is the most common form (70%), has a childhood onset and it triggered by environmental antigens (Type 1 hypersensitivity)

A

Atopic (Extrinsic)

31
Q

Which form of asthma is characterized by chroncial inflammation and hyperresponsiveness triggered by non-immune stimuli such as viruses, stress, cold air, drugs or inhaled irritants

A

Non-Atopic (Intrinsic)

* No allergen sensitization

32
Q

what are the key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma

A

eosinophils

33
Q

In chronic asthma the airway is obstructed by thickening of the bronchial smooth muscles, increased mucus production and hyperinflation of acini

A

True

34
Q

What condition is characterized by permanent dilation of bronchial tree due to a necrotizing infection that destroys tissue

A

Bronchiectasis

35
Q

Bronciectasis is most common in the apices of the lungs

A

False, in the lower lobes

36
Q

A patient describes to you that they have bouts of severe coughing with a foul smelling sputum after being diagnosed with necrotizing pneumnia a few weeks ago. what condition do you suspect

A

Bronchiectasis