How many Lobes in the Left Lung? In the Right?
Left = 2 Right = 3
What is the term for the part of the lung distal to the terminal bronchiole
Ancinus
- composed of alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveolus
What is a loss of lung volume caused by failure to expand
Atelectasis/Collapse
In atelectasis inadequately oxygenated blood is shunted from pulmonary arteries to pulmonary veins resulting in hypoxia
True
What are the three categories of atelectsis
Resorption
Compression
Contraction
Which category of atelectasis occurs when there is an obstruction of the airway that prevents air from reaching distal airways
Resorption Atelectasis
* Most often caused my Mucopurulent Plug
Which category of atelectasis is associated with accumulation of fluid/blood or air within the pleural cavity which causes mechanical collapse
Compression Atelectasis
Which type of atelectasis occurs when there are scarring/fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura which hinders expansion of the lung
Contraction Atelectasis (A.K.A Cicatrization Atelectasis)
In Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome there is diffuse alveolar damage and unilateral vascular and epithelial damage
False, there is Bilateral Vascular and Epithelial damage
What life threatening condition is characterized by rapid onset of dyspnea, alveolar edema/damage and neutrophil accumulation that prevents gas exchange causing cyanosis, decreased BP and Organ failure
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
What is the difference between obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases
Obstructive = limitation of airflow (Wheezing) Restrictive = reduced expansion of lungs
In which type of pulmonary disease (Obstructive or restrictive) is expiration decreased
Obstructive
_________ is characterized by permanent pulmonary destruction/enlargement (destruction of alveolar septa and enlarged acini)
Emphysema
In which form of Emphysema is the central part of the acini damaged while the distal alveoli are spared
Centriacinar (Centrilobular)
Which type of Emphysema is more common
Centriacinar
In which form of Emphysema are the acini uniformly enlarged
Pancinar
Pancinar Emphysema is located most often in the lung apices
False, this is for Centriacinar
Pancinar emphysema is located in lower lungs
Which type of Emphysema is a consequence of cigarette smoking? Which occurs because of an alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
cigarette smoking - centriacinar
alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency - pancinar
In which type of emphysema are there emphysematous and normal air spaces existing together in the same acinus and lobule
Centriacinar Emphysema
Most patient with emphysema will also have signs of bronchitis but patients with just pure emphysema are called what
Pink Puffers
_________ is the presence of a persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years
Chronic Bronchitis
What is the hallmark of chronic bronchitis
hypersecretion of mucus (yellow/green)
When emphysema and chronic bronchitis are grouped together what condition it is called
COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What shared risk factors do both emphysema and chronic bronchitis have
Cigarette smoking and air pollution
COPD is associated with reversible airflow obstruction
False, Irriversible
Asthma is associated with Reversible airflow obstruction
True
In which condition do we see curschmann spirals and charcot leyden crystals
Asthma (In the mucus)
What condition is described as intermittent and reversible airway obstruction, chronic bronchial inflammation, bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased mucus secretion
Asthma
In people with asthma they have difficulty inhaling and exhaling and it is more pronounced in the morning or evenings
True
which form of asthma is the most common form (70%), has a childhood onset and it triggered by environmental antigens (Type 1 hypersensitivity)
Atopic (Extrinsic)
Which form of asthma is characterized by chroncial inflammation and hyperresponsiveness triggered by non-immune stimuli such as viruses, stress, cold air, drugs or inhaled irritants
Non-Atopic (Intrinsic)
* No allergen sensitization
what are the key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma
eosinophils
In chronic asthma the airway is obstructed by thickening of the bronchial smooth muscles, increased mucus production and hyperinflation of acini
True
What condition is characterized by permanent dilation of bronchial tree due to a necrotizing infection that destroys tissue
Bronchiectasis
Bronciectasis is most common in the apices of the lungs
False, in the lower lobes
A patient describes to you that they have bouts of severe coughing with a foul smelling sputum after being diagnosed with necrotizing pneumnia a few weeks ago. what condition do you suspect
Bronchiectasis
