Chapter 12 Pt 2 - Kailey

Question 1

in bronchioectasis the airways can dilate 2x their normal size

Answer 1

False, 4x

Question 2

chronic interstitial lung diseases are most often unilateral chronic diseases that decrease compliance of the lungs

Answer 2

False, Bilateral

Question 3

In Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases more pressure is required to expand the lungs because they are stiffer.

Answer 3

True

(increased effort to breathe)

Question 4

Which disease do the terms “honeycomb lung and ground glass shadows” refer to?

Answer 4

Chronic Interstitial lung diseases

Question 5

In what disease is there is a bilateral patchy interstitial fibrosis referred to as Unusual Interstitial Pneumonia

Answer 5

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 6

What are the symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 6

Velco Like Crackles during inspiration
- nonproductive cough
dyspnea
cyanosis

Question 7

what is pneumoconioses

Answer 7

a non-neoplastic lung reaction to the inhalation of mineral dust

Question 8

what are the three most common mineral dusts inhaled in pneumoconiosis

Answer 8

Coal Dust (No Increase in Lung Cancer)
Silica (MC - Increases lung cancer risk)
Asbestos (Increased risk for malignant mesothelioma)

Question 9

What are the three types of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis? Which one causes a decrease in lung function?

Answer 9

1) Anthracosis (Pigment)
2) Simple Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis (Macrophages)
3) Progressive Massive Fibrosis **Decreased Lung Function

Question 10

Silicosis is the most common occupational disease in the USA

Answer 10

False, Worldwide

Question 11

Silicosis involved the inhalation of silica crystals (quartz) which increase ROS that destroy alveoli and causes hypoxia

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Silicosis is most common in which region of the lung

Answer 12

upper lung near hilar lymph nodes

Question 13

what is the most common asbestos related disease

Answer 13

Fibrotic pleural plaques

Question 14

In which condition is there diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with the presence of asbestos bodies (small brown nodules)

Answer 14

Asbestosis

Question 15

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by the hallmark presence of what?

Answer 15

Noncaseating Granulomas

Question 16

Sarcoidosis is one of the few pulmonary diseases with a higher prevalence in non-smokers

Answer 16

True

Question 17

On a chest x-ray of a person with sarcoidosis what can you expect to see

Answer 17

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 18

More than 95% of Pulmonary emboli arise from thrombi in what area of the body?

Answer 18

Deep Vein Thrombosis from the lower legs

- popliteal or femoral veins

Question 19

The consequences of pulmonary embolism depend on size. What are the two important consequences of pulmonary emboli

Answer 19

1) Increase in Pulmonary artery Pressure (HTN)

2) Tissue Ischemia/Infarction

Question 20

Occlusion of a major vessel in the lungs results in what progression of events?

Answer 20

Sudden increased in artery pressure –> Diminished cardiac outpud –> right sided heart failure/cor pulmonale –>hypoxia/death

Question 21

The majority of Pulmonary Emboli are clinically silent (60-80%) and the minority cause acute cor pulmonale or death (5%)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What percent of patients who have experiences a pulmonary embolism will have another

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

What type of embolism is large and may lodge at a bifurcation causing occlusion of more than 60% of pulmonary artery supply

Answer 23

Saddle Embolus

Question 24

where does a saddle embolism usually occur

Answer 24

at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery

Question 25

Pulmonary hypertension involves what vascular alterations of the entire arterial tree

Answer 25

Atherosclerosis and smooth muscle hypertrophy

Question 26

Pulmonary Hypertension can be primary or secondary, which one is more common?

Answer 26

Secondary

Question 27

What is Pulmonary Hypertension most often secondary to?

Answer 27

A decrease in cross sectional area of Pulmonary vessels
or
An increase in pulmonary vascular flow

Question 28

Pulmonary blood pressures are usually higher than systemic pressures

Answer 28

False,

Pulmonary pressures are usually only about 1/8th the pressure of systemic circulation

Question 29

What is the cause of primary pulmonary hypertension. Who is at greater risk males or females?

Answer 29

An endothelial dysfunction causing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells
MC in Females

Question 30

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes constitute a group of Immune Mediated diseases that manifest as a triad involving what three symptoms

Answer 30

1) Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
2) Anemia (deficiency of RBC)
3) Diffuse Pulmonary Edema

Question 31

What is the classic Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndrome?

Answer 31

Goodpasture Syndrome

Question 32

Which area of the lung is IgA used most for protection

Answer 32

Upper Airways (Decrease Microbial Attachment)

Question 33

Which area of the lung is IgG used most for protection

Answer 33

In the alveoli

Question 34

The lung Parenchyma is typically sterile

Answer 34

True