Chapter 14 - Part 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 14 - Part 2 Deck (27)
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1
Q

Primary salivary gland diseases are common

A

False, Rare

2
Q

Where are you most likely to find a primary salivary gland disease

A

Parotid Gland

3
Q

99% of saliva is composed of what?

A

Water

4
Q

What does Xerostomia mean?

A

Dry mouth as a result of reduced saliva production

5
Q

What is Sjogren Syndome?

A

an autoimmune condition which destroys the exocrine glands (salivary and lacrimal glands) which causes dry mouth and dry eyes

6
Q

What is it called when you have inflammation and enlargement of salivary glands? Could be due to infection, trauma or autoimmune

A

Sialadenitis

7
Q

What is the most common viral cause of Sialadenitis (Inflammation and Enlargement of salivary glands)

A

Mumps - attacks parotid gland

8
Q

Why is mumps so concerning when adults are infected with it?

A

Can cause Pancreatitis or Orchitis (testicle swelling that can cause sterility)

9
Q

What is a mucocele?

A

a blockage or ruptured salivary gland duct that causes production of a small mucous cyst/ranula usually on the inside of the lower lip

10
Q

Who is most effected by salivary gland tumors?

A

Elderly (60-80) Females

11
Q

Where are you most likely to find Salivary Gland Tumors?

A

In the Parotid Gland (65-80%)

12
Q

Salivary gland tumors in the parotid gland are more likely to be malignant than salivary tumors in smaller glands such as the sublingual or submandibular glands

A

False
The bigger the gland (Parotid) the MORE common it is but is LESS likely to be malignant
The smaller the gland, the LESS common is it, but the MORE likely it is to be malignant

13
Q

What is a benign pre-cancerous tumor which has mixed tissues within it and is likely to reoccur.

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

14
Q

what is the most common tumor of the parotid gland?

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma (60% of parotid gland tumors)

15
Q

a patient presents to you with a large, painless mass in their cheek that seems to move around when prodded, what are you thinking it might be?

A

Plromorphic Adenoma

16
Q

When a pleomorphic ademona which is benign turns into a cancerous lesion what is it called?

A

carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

17
Q

Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea?

A

Posterior to it

18
Q

where is the gastoesophageal junction

A

a 2-3 inch region where the stomach meets the esophagus

19
Q

what is the difference between the alimentary tracts and the gastointestinal tract?

A

Alimentary - mouth to anus

Gastrointestinal - Esophagus to anus

20
Q

what is atresia?

A

a normal open esophagus which transitions into a non open area - causes food to be regurgitated

21
Q

what is a tracheal fistula?

A

Connection that shouldn’t be there between the trachea and esophagus

1) esophagus will be a blind ended pouch causing vomiting
2) esophagus may still be connected but also have a connection with the trachea that may allow food into he lungs and cause respiratory distress

22
Q

what is an example of a functional problem of the esophagus

A

aperistalsis - uncoordinated peristalsis
or
achalasia - inability to relax

23
Q

what is the triad that makes up achalasia

A

1) Incomplete Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation
2) Increased Lower Esophageal Sphincter tone
3) Esophageal Aperistalsis

24
Q

What is Achalasia

A

Functional esophageal obstruction that is a “failure to relax”

25
Q

what is it called when there is tissue in the wrong spot?

A

ectopia

26
Q

esophageal varices are secondary to portal hypertension

A

True

27
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary Achalasia?

A

Primary - is idiopathic loss of inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter
- proximal dilation of esophagus due to food back up

Secondary - is caused by some other disease that created esophageal dysfunction
- we will see INFLAMMATION in Auerbach’s plexus