Chapter 10 Pt 3 - Kailey

Question 1

Stenosis caused by valvular heart disease is caused by a failure of the valves to completely close thereby allowing regurgitation of blood

Answer 1

False, this is Insufficiency

Stenosis = narrowing/failure to open causing obstruction of forward flow

Question 2

what sound can be heard when there is turbulent flow through a diseased valve?

Answer 2

Murmur

Question 3

what are thrills?

Answer 3

turbulence caused by severe lesions that can be palpated

Question 4

What is the most common cause of aortic valve stenosis

Answer 4

calcific aortic stenosis

- causes a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in left ventricular contraction

Question 5

Fusion of the heart valves is common in calcific aortic stenosis

Answer 5

False, fusion is rare

Question 6

What causes rheumatic valvular disease

Answer 6

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Phayngitis

Question 7

What age group is Rheumatic Valvular disease most common in

Answer 7

5-15 year olds

Question 8

What valve is involved in 70% of Rheumatic Valvular Disease

Answer 8

Mitral

Question 9

What is a major defining characteristic of Acute Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 9

Aschoff Bodies

Question 10

What are some symptoms associated with Rheumatic Valvular Disease

Answer 10

1) Fever
2) Carditis -
3) Migratory Polyarthritis (Arthritis jumps from 1 joint to another)
4) Sydenham’s Chorea (uncontrolled muscle contraction)
5) Subcutaneous skin rash
6) Abnormal ECG

Question 11

Which symptoms of rheumatic valvular disease is most often seen in children? Adults?

Answer 11

Children - Carditis

Adults - Arthritis

Question 12

Symptoms of rheumatic valvular disease begin how long after streptococcal infection?

Answer 12

2-3 weeks

Question 13

Subacute Infective Endocarditis is destructive, virulent and difficult to treat as compared to acute infective endocarditis which is low in virulence and easy to treat

Answer 13

False, Backwards
Acute - destructive/hard to treat
Subacute - low virulence and easy to treat

Question 14

In which type of Infective endocarditis are the valves previously Normal

Answer 14

Acute

( In subacute they are previously abnormal tissue)

Question 15

the most common cause of infective endocarditis is becteremia

Answer 15

true

Question 16

50-60% of cases of endocarditis occur on damaged or deformed valves caused by __________ organism. By contract the more virulent _________ organism can attack deformed as well as healthy valves and is responsible for 10-20% of cases.

Answer 16

Strep. Viridans ( Subacute - on damaged valves, less virulent)

Staph Aureus (Acute - on healthy valves, more virulent)

Question 17

Prosthetic Cardiac Valves are prone to infection

Answer 17

True, involved in 20% of all infective endocarditis cases

Question 18

Primary Cardiomyopathies are the result of a disorder in the myocardium itself, and Secondary cardiomyopathies are caused by some other systemic disorder

Answer 18

true

Question 19

90% of cadiomyopathy cases are from which group:

Dilated, hypertrophic or restrictive?

Answer 19

Dilated

Question 20

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive cardiac chamber dilation and Diastolic Dysfunction

Answer 20

False, Systolic (contractile) Dysfunction

Question 21

Alcohol abuse and Beri Beri are associated with which group of Cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

Dilated

Question 22

which group of cardiomyopathy causes 1/3 of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

Answer 22

Hypertrophic

Question 23

The fundamental defect in Dilated Cardiomyopathy is ineffective contraction thus leading to ejection fraction less than 25%

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Which group of cardiomyopathy is is associated with a flabby poorly contractile heart?

Answer 24

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 25

Which group of cardiomyopathy is associated with asymmetrically thick heavy walls and a hyper-contractile heart (won't relax) with an elongated "banana-like" ventricle

Answer 25

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Question 26

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder involving B-myosin mutations

Answer 26

True | - causes hypercontractile sarcomeres

Question 27

This form of Cardiomyopathy is the least common and is associated with impaired ventricular filling due to a stiff myocardium

Answer 27

Restrictive

Question 28

Non-Viral infections are the most common cause of Myocarditis

Answer 28

False, Viral

Question 29

Infection and Inflammation targeting the myocardium is called _______

Answer 29

myocarditis

Question 30

Myocarditis can be viral and non-viral

Answer 30

True Viral (MC) - Coxsackievirus A and B, HIV, CMV, Influenza Non-Viral - Lyme, Chagras, SLE, ADR's

Question 31

Primary Pericarditis is Most common and often due to a viral infection

Answer 31

False, Is rare - usually secondary to MI, Cardiac surgery etc.

Question 32

Pericarditis typically manifests with which symptoms?

Answer 32

Atypical Chest Pain and Prominent Friction Rub

Question 33

What is the name of the most common primary tumor to the adult heart?

Answer 33

Myxoma

Question 34

Myxomas are a single malignant lesions found on/near the fossa ovalis (left atrium) 90% of the time

Answer 34

False, Benign

Question 35

What is the most common primary malignant tumor to the heart

Answer 35

Angiosarcoma

Question 36

which type of cancer most commonly metastasizes to the heart

Answer 36

Lung Cancer

Question 37

Without transplantation, 20% of those with heart failure will die within 1 year

Answer 37

False, 50%

Question 38

What is the most common long term limitation of heart transplant

Answer 38

Allograft Arteriopathy - rapid stenosis of coronary arteries - 5 years = 50% have lesions - 10 years = 100% have lesions