Chapter 10 Pt 3 - Kailey Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 10 Pt 3 - Kailey Deck (38)
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1
Q

Stenosis caused by valvular heart disease is caused by a failure of the valves to completely close thereby allowing regurgitation of blood

A

False, this is Insufficiency

Stenosis = narrowing/failure to open causing obstruction of forward flow

2
Q

what sound can be heard when there is turbulent flow through a diseased valve?

A

Murmur

3
Q

what are thrills?

A

turbulence caused by severe lesions that can be palpated

4
Q

What is the most common cause of aortic valve stenosis

A

calcific aortic stenosis

- causes a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in left ventricular contraction

5
Q

Fusion of the heart valves is common in calcific aortic stenosis

A

False, fusion is rare

6
Q

What causes rheumatic valvular disease

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Phayngitis

7
Q

What age group is Rheumatic Valvular disease most common in

A

5-15 year olds

8
Q

What valve is involved in 70% of Rheumatic Valvular Disease

A

Mitral

9
Q

What is a major defining characteristic of Acute Rheumatic heart disease

A

Aschoff Bodies

10
Q

What are some symptoms associated with Rheumatic Valvular Disease

A

1) Fever
2) Carditis -
3) Migratory Polyarthritis (Arthritis jumps from 1 joint to another)
4) Sydenham’s Chorea (uncontrolled muscle contraction)
5) Subcutaneous skin rash
6) Abnormal ECG

11
Q

Which symptoms of rheumatic valvular disease is most often seen in children? Adults?

A

Children - Carditis

Adults - Arthritis

12
Q

Symptoms of rheumatic valvular disease begin how long after streptococcal infection?

A

2-3 weeks

13
Q

Subacute Infective Endocarditis is destructive, virulent and difficult to treat as compared to acute infective endocarditis which is low in virulence and easy to treat

A

False, Backwards
Acute - destructive/hard to treat
Subacute - low virulence and easy to treat

14
Q

In which type of Infective endocarditis are the valves previously Normal

A

Acute

( In subacute they are previously abnormal tissue)

15
Q

the most common cause of infective endocarditis is becteremia

A

true

16
Q

50-60% of cases of endocarditis occur on damaged or deformed valves caused by __________ organism. By contract the more virulent _________ organism can attack deformed as well as healthy valves and is responsible for 10-20% of cases.

A

Strep. Viridans ( Subacute - on damaged valves, less virulent)

Staph Aureus (Acute - on healthy valves, more virulent)

17
Q

Prosthetic Cardiac Valves are prone to infection

A

True, involved in 20% of all infective endocarditis cases

18
Q

Primary Cardiomyopathies are the result of a disorder in the myocardium itself, and Secondary cardiomyopathies are caused by some other systemic disorder

A

true

19
Q

90% of cadiomyopathy cases are from which group:

Dilated, hypertrophic or restrictive?

A

Dilated

20
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive cardiac chamber dilation and Diastolic Dysfunction

A

False, Systolic (contractile) Dysfunction

21
Q

Alcohol abuse and Beri Beri are associated with which group of Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated

22
Q

which group of cardiomyopathy causes 1/3 of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

Hypertrophic

23
Q

The fundamental defect in Dilated Cardiomyopathy is ineffective contraction thus leading to ejection fraction less than 25%

A

True

24
Q

Which group of cardiomyopathy is is associated with a flabby poorly contractile heart?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

25
Q

Which group of cardiomyopathy is associated with asymmetrically thick heavy walls and a hyper-contractile heart (won’t relax) with an elongated “banana-like” ventricle

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

26
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder involving B-myosin mutations

A

True

- causes hypercontractile sarcomeres

27
Q

This form of Cardiomyopathy is the least common and is associated with impaired ventricular filling due to a stiff myocardium

A

Restrictive

28
Q

Non-Viral infections are the most common cause of Myocarditis

A

False, Viral

29
Q

Infection and Inflammation targeting the myocardium is called _______

A

myocarditis

30
Q

Myocarditis can be viral and non-viral

A

True
Viral (MC) - Coxsackievirus A and B, HIV, CMV, Influenza
Non-Viral - Lyme, Chagras, SLE, ADR’s

31
Q

Primary Pericarditis is Most common and often due to a viral infection

A

False, Is rare - usually secondary to MI, Cardiac surgery etc.

32
Q

Pericarditis typically manifests with which symptoms?

A

Atypical Chest Pain and Prominent Friction Rub

33
Q

What is the name of the most common primary tumor to the adult heart?

A

Myxoma

34
Q

Myxomas are a single malignant lesions found on/near the fossa ovalis (left atrium) 90% of the time

A

False, Benign

35
Q

What is the most common primary malignant tumor to the heart

A

Angiosarcoma

36
Q

which type of cancer most commonly metastasizes to the heart

A

Lung Cancer

37
Q

Without transplantation, 20% of those with heart failure will die within 1 year

A

False, 50%

38
Q

What is the most common long term limitation of heart transplant

A

Allograft Arteriopathy - rapid stenosis of coronary arteries

  • 5 years = 50% have lesions
  • 10 years = 100% have lesions