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1-Keiser Wellness > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

CVD - the array of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

narrowing of the peripheral blood vessels

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3
Q

stroke

A

blood vessels that feed the brain is clogged, leading to blood flow disruption to the brain

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4
Q

coronary heart disease

A

CHD - in which arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, such as cholesterol and triglycerides

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5
Q

angioplasty

A

procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted and when inflated to widen the inner lumen of the artery

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6
Q

risk factors

A

lifestyle and genetic variables that may lead to disease

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7
Q

warning signs of stroke

A
  • sudden weakness or numbness of face, arm or leg particularly on one side
  • sudden severe headache
  • sudden confusion, dizziness
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8
Q

warning signs of a heart attack

A
  • chest pain, squeezing that may go on for several minutes

- pain or discomfort between shoulder blades

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9
Q

stroke risk factors

unchangeable

A
  • increased risk over 55
  • higher risk in men
  • African Americans at higher risk
  • family history
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10
Q

stroke risk factors

manageable factors

A
  • tobacco use - stop
  • blood pressure - normal range
  • diet
  • activity level
  • weight
  • cholesterol
  • diabetes
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11
Q

CHD risk factors

high to low

A

-unhealthy diet
-physical inactivity
-smoking
-body mass index
hypertension

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12
Q

electrocardiogram

A

ECG or EKG- recording of the electrical activity of the heart

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13
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

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14
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

exercise test where the workload is gradually increased until the individual reaches maximal fatigue

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15
Q

stress electrocardiogram

also known as

A

graded stress test or maximal exercise tolerance test

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16
Q

cholesterol

A

waxy substance, a steroid alcohol, found only in animal fats and oil and used in making cell membranes, the fatty sheath around nerve fibers and other necessary substances

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17
Q

blood lipids

A

fats - cholesterol and triglycerides

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18
Q

high density lipoproteins

A

HDL - cholesterol transporting molecules in the blood that helps clear cholesterol from the blood.
GOOD CHOLESTEROL

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19
Q

low density lipoproteins

A

LDL - cholesterol transporting molecules in the blood that tend to increase cholesterol from the blood.
BAD CHOLESTEROL

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20
Q

Very low density lipoproteins

A

VLDL - triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid transporting molecules in the blood

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21
Q

chylomicrons

A

triglyceride transporting molecules

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22
Q

stress electrocardiogram

Recommended for

A
  • men over 45, women over 55
  • 2 or more CHD risk factors
  • symptomatic
  • family history
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23
Q

atherosclerosis

A

fatty or cholesterol deposits in the walls of the arteries leading to formation of plaque

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24
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack - damage to or death of an area of the heart muscle as a result of an obstructed artery to that area

25
angina pectoris
chest pain associated with CHD
26
reverse cholesterol transport
process in which HDL molecules attract cholesterol and carry it to the liver, where it is changed to bile and eventually excreted in the stool
27
total cholesterol range
less than 200 = desirable | over 240 = high risk
28
LDL cholesterol
less than 100 = optimal | over 190 = very high
29
HDL cholesterol
less than 40 = low | over 60 = high risk
30
triglycerides
fats formed by glycerol and three fatty acids; | also called free fatty acids
31
processed foods
food that has been chemically altered from its natural state through additives
32
average person consumes between
400-600 mg of cholesterol daily
33
LDL cholesterol can be lowered by
- dietary change - losing body fat - taking medication - aerobic exercise
34
increased risk for CHD has been established with
- high total cholesterol - high LDL - Low HDL
35
triglycerides make up most
of the fat in our diet and most of the fat that circulates in the blood
36
homocysteine
an amino acid that when allowed to accumulate in the blood, may lead to plaque formation and blockage of arteries
37
c-reactive protein
CRP - a protein whose blood levels increase with inflammation; elevation of this protein is an indicator of potential cardiovascular events
38
diabetes mellitus
disease in which the body doesn't produce or utilize insulin properly
39
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas; essential for proper metabolism of blood glucose and maintenance of blood glucose levels
40
insulin resistance
the inability of the cells to respond appropriately to insulin
41
blood glucose guidelines
less than 100 = normal 101-125 = prediabetic 126+ = diabetic
42
Type 1 diabetes
insulin-dependent diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes
43
type 2 diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes; also know as adult onset diabetes
44
glucose intolerance
condition characterized by slightly elevated glucose levels
45
glycemic index
measure used to rate the plasma glucose response of carbohydrate containing foods
46
metabolic syndrome
an array of metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis triggered by increased insulin resistance
47
metabolic syndrome conditions
low HDL - high triglycerides - high blood pressure - an increased blood clotting mechanism
48
blood pressure
measure of force exerted against the walls of the vessels by the blood flowing through them
49
systolic blood pressure
pressure exerted during contractions
50
diastolic blood pressure
pressure exerted during relaxation phase
51
hypertension
chronically elevated blood pressure | approximately 1 in 3 adults are hypertensive
52
hypotension
low blood pressure
53
ideal blood pressure
120/80
54
causes of hypertension
90 percent have no definite cause | 10 percent caused by pathological conditions
55
essential hypertension
90 percent that have no definite cause | treatable with diet and exercise
56
arrhythmias
irregular heart rhythms
57
Sodium levels
Less than 2300 mg per day
57
catecholamines
fight or flight hormones including epinephrine and norepinephrine
58
Premature CHD is defined as
A heart attack before age 55 in a close male relative or before 65 in a close female relative

1-Keiser Wellness (13 decks)

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