Chapter 11 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are ergogenic aids?
Substances or techniques that enhance athletic performance.
What are anabolic steroids?
Synthetic derivatives of testosterone that promote muscle growth.
What are potential risks of anabolic steroid use?
Liver damage, hormonal imbalances, aggression, cardiovascular issues.
What is testosterone?
The primary male sex hormone that enhances muscle mass and strength.
What is human growth hormone (HGH)?
A hormone that stimulates bone and tissue growth.
What are the effects of HGH use?
Increased lean body mass and fat metabolism, but also joint pain and organ enlargement.
What is insulin used for in performance enhancement?
To promote glycogen storage and protein synthesis.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
A hormone that increases red blood cell production to enhance oxygen delivery.
What are the dangers of EPO?
Increased blood viscosity, risk of stroke or heart attack.
What is creatine?
A legal supplement that helps regenerate ATP in high-intensity efforts.
What are benefits of creatine?
Improved strength, power, and muscle mass.
What are BCAAs?
Branched-chain amino acids — leucine, isoleucine, valine — aid muscle recovery.
What is caffeine’s effect on performance?
Improves endurance, alertness, and strength output.
What is the recommended caffeine dose for performance?
3–6 mg/kg body weight.
What are beta-blockers?
Drugs that reduce heart rate and anxiety — banned in precision sports.
What are stimulants?
Substances like amphetamines or ephedrine that increase alertness and energy.
What is beta-alanine?
A supplement that buffers muscle acidity and delays fatigue.
What are adverse effects of stimulants?
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, addiction.
What are diuretics used for in sport?
To lose water weight quickly or mask other drug use.
What is blood doping?
The infusion of extra red blood cells to increase oxygen delivery.
What are the risks of blood doping?
Thickened blood, increased risk of heart attack or stroke.
What is HMB (beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate)?
A metabolite of leucine that may reduce muscle breakdown.
What is the importance of third-party testing in supplements?
Ensures product purity and absence of banned substances.
What are masking agents?
Substances that interfere with drug tests or dilute banned substances.
