Chapter 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is bioenergetics?
The study of how energy flows through living systems.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.
What are the three main energy systems?
Phosphagen, glycolytic, and oxidative.
Which energy system is used for short, high-intensity efforts?
Phosphagen system.
How long does the phosphagen system provide energy?
Up to about 10 seconds.
What enzyme breaks down ATP?
ATPase.
What is creatine phosphate (CP)?
A molecule that donates a phosphate to regenerate ATP quickly.
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of carbohydrates to produce ATP.
What are the two types of glycolysis?
Fast glycolysis and slow glycolysis.
What is the end product of fast glycolysis?
Lactate.
What is the end product of slow glycolysis?
Pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle for further ATP production.
What is the oxidative system?
An aerobic energy system using carbohydrates and fats to produce ATP.
Where does the oxidative system occur?
In the mitochondria.
Which macronutrient yields the most ATP per gram?
Fat.
What is the Krebs cycle?
A series of reactions that generate ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in mitochondria.
What is the electron transport chain?
A process that produces ATP using electrons from NADH and FADH2.
What is the lactate threshold?
The intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate rapidly in the blood.
What is OBLA?
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation, occurs at higher lactate levels than the lactate threshold.
What is EPOC?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption — elevated oxygen use after exercise.
What is oxygen deficit?
Temporary mismatch between oxygen demand and oxygen supply at exercise onset.
How does training affect lactate threshold?
Training increases the intensity at which lactate threshold occurs.
What determines energy system dominance?
Exercise intensity and duration.
What is beta-oxidation?
The breakdown of fatty acids for ATP production.
What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?
Ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed — indicates fuel usage.
