Chapter 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is aerobic endurance training?
Training that improves the efficiency of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to sustain prolonged exercise.
What are the primary physiological adaptations to aerobic training?
Increased cardiac output, stroke volume, capillary density, mitochondrial density, and VO2max.
What is VO2max?
The maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise.
How does stroke volume change with aerobic training?
It increases due to enhanced ventricular filling and contractility.
What happens to resting heart rate with consistent endurance training?
It typically decreases.
How does aerobic training affect cardiac output during submaximal exercise?
It becomes more efficient, requiring less effort for the same output.
What muscular adaptations occur with endurance training?
Increased mitochondrial density, oxidative enzyme activity, and myoglobin content.
What type of muscle fibers are most affected by aerobic training?
Type I (slow-twitch) fibers.
What is capillarization and how does it benefit endurance athletes?
Increased capillary density enhances oxygen and nutrient delivery.
How does lactate threshold change with training?
It increases, allowing athletes to perform at higher intensities before fatigue.
What is the impact of aerobic training on blood volume?
Blood volume increases, improving oxygen transport.
How does hemoglobin concentration affect endurance performance?
Higher hemoglobin allows for greater oxygen carrying capacity.
What is the effect of aerobic training on fat utilization?
Enhanced ability to use fat as a fuel source during submaximal exercise.
How does aerobic training influence glycogen sparing?
It delays glycogen depletion by increasing fat oxidation.
What is the ventilatory threshold?
The point during exercise when ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen uptake.
How does aerobic training affect the ventilatory threshold?
It raises the threshold, improving exercise efficiency.
What is the impact of aerobic training on heart size?
The left ventricle may enlarge slightly, improving stroke volume.
What is mitochondrial biogenesis?
The creation of new mitochondria within muscle cells.
How does training intensity affect aerobic adaptations?
Higher intensities stimulate greater adaptations, especially near lactate threshold.
What is cardiac drift?
A gradual increase in heart rate during prolonged exercise due to dehydration or heat.
What hormonal adaptations occur with aerobic training?
Reduced catecholamine response at submaximal intensities and improved hormonal sensitivity.
What are typical changes in blood pressure due to aerobic training?
Reduced resting and submaximal exercise blood pressure.
What is the effect of aerobic training on capillary-to-fiber ratio?
It increases, improving oxygen diffusion.
How is oxygen extraction improved with endurance training?
Increased capillary density and myoglobin improve oxygen uptake by muscles.
