Chapter 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is biomechanics?
The study of the mechanics of movement in living organisms.
What is a lever in the human body?
A rigid bar (bone) that rotates around an axis (joint).
What is the most common type of lever in the body?
Third-class lever.
What is torque?
A force that causes rotation around a joint.
How is torque calculated?
Force × moment arm length.
What is the moment arm?
The perpendicular distance from the line of force to the axis of rotation.
What does mechanical advantage mean?
The ratio of output force to input force in a lever system.
What is the mechanical advantage of a first-class lever?
Can be greater than, less than, or equal to 1.
What is a first-class lever example in the body?
The neck muscles tilting the head back.
What is a second-class lever example in the body?
Standing heel raise.
What is a third-class lever example?
Biceps curl.
What is the difference between anatomical planes?
Sagittal (left/right), frontal (front/back), transverse (top/bottom).
Which exercises occur in the sagittal plane?
Squats, lunges, biceps curls.
Which exercises occur in the frontal plane?
Lateral raises, side lunges.
Which exercises occur in the transverse plane?
Russian twists, cable woodchops.
What is a concentric muscle action?
The muscle shortens while producing force.
What is an eccentric muscle action?
The muscle lengthens while resisting force.
What is an isometric muscle action?
The muscle produces force without changing length.
What is the strength-to-mass ratio?
An athlete’s strength divided by their body mass.
What is the difference between power and strength?
Power is the rate of doing work; strength is the maximum force produced.
What is the formula for power?
Power = Work / Time.
What is the formula for work?
Work = Force × Distance.
What is inertia?
Resistance to a change in motion.
What is the role of gravity in resistance exercise?
Provides resistance during vertical lifting.
