Chapter 5 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is anaerobic training?
High-intensity training that does not rely on oxygen, such as resistance and sprint training.
What are the primary energy systems used in anaerobic training?
Phosphagen and glycolytic systems.
What neural adaptations occur with anaerobic training?
Increased motor unit recruitment, rate coding, and synchronization.
What is rate coding?
The frequency at which motor units discharge action potentials.
What is muscular hypertrophy?
An increase in muscle cross-sectional area.
What types of muscle fibers are most responsive to hypertrophy?
Type II fibers.
What is fiber-type transition?
Shifts from Type IIx to more fatigue-resistant Type IIa fibers.
How does resistance training affect enzyme activity?
Increases key enzymes involved in glycolysis and ATP production.
How does anaerobic training impact bone density?
Increases bone mineral density through mechanical loading.
What is the minimal essential strain (MES)?
The threshold stimulus required to initiate new bone formation.
How does connective tissue adapt to training?
Increases collagen content and tensile strength.
What hormones are elevated in response to anaerobic training?
Testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1.
How does resistance training affect cardiac structure?
May lead to increased left ventricular wall thickness.
What is overreaching?
Short-term performance decrement that can be recovered from with rest.
What is overtraining syndrome (OTS)?
Long-term decrease in performance with accompanying physiological symptoms.
What are symptoms of OTS?
Decreased performance, fatigue, mood disturbance, hormonal imbalance.
What is functional overreaching?
Planned short-term increase in training load to elicit supercompensation.
What psychological changes occur with overtraining?
Increased stress, irritability, and decreased motivation.
How can periodization help prevent overtraining?
By planning recovery phases and varying intensity/volume.
What structural changes occur in tendons with training?
Increased stiffness and cross-sectional area.
What are potential endocrine adaptations to anaerobic training?
Improved receptor sensitivity and hormonal regulation.
How does training affect electromyographic (EMG) activity?
Increased EMG amplitude, indicating greater motor unit activation.
What is the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages in response to stress.
How does training affect muscle buffering capacity?
Increases ability to handle metabolic acidosis.
