Chapter 4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the endocrine system?
A system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that affect target tissues and regulate physiological processes.
What are anabolic hormones?
Hormones that promote tissue building (e.g., testosterone, growth hormone, IGF-1).
What are catabolic hormones?
Hormones that break down tissue (e.g., cortisol).
What is testosterone’s role in resistance training?
Stimulates muscle protein synthesis and growth.
What affects testosterone levels post-exercise?
Training intensity, volume, rest period length, and muscle mass used.
What is growth hormone (GH)?
A peptide hormone that stimulates muscle growth, fat metabolism, and tissue repair.
How does GH respond to resistance exercise?
Increases with high volume, short rest periods, and large muscle exercises.
What is IGF-1?
Insulin-like growth factor 1, a hormone that mediates many effects of GH.
How is IGF-1 related to muscle repair?
It supports protein synthesis and satellite cell activation.
What is cortisol?
A stress hormone that increases protein breakdown and inhibits immune function.
When are cortisol levels highest during training?
After high-volume, short-rest workouts.
What is hormone-receptor interaction?
The binding of hormones to specific receptors on target cells.
What is upregulation?
An increase in receptor sensitivity or number in response to high hormone levels.
How does chronic training affect hormone levels?
May lead to improved receptor sensitivity and more efficient signaling.
What is the primary role of the adrenal hormones?
To regulate stress and metabolic responses to exercise.
What is epinephrine?
Also known as adrenaline; increases force production and energy availability.
How does resistance training affect hormone responses?
Increases anabolic hormones acutely; improves receptor efficiency chronically.
What variables influence hormonal response to exercise?
Load, volume, rest, exercise selection, and training status.
What is the role of insulin in muscle recovery?
Facilitates nutrient uptake and muscle glycogen replenishment.
How do training status and sex affect hormonal responses?
Trained individuals and males typically show higher acute hormonal responses.
Why is exercise order important for hormone release?
Multi-joint, large-muscle exercises stimulate more hormone production.
How do rest periods affect hormonal response?
Short rest periods generally increase GH and cortisol.
What are permissive hormones?
Hormones like thyroid hormones that support the function of other hormones.
