Chapter 11

Question 1

What is the healthiest period in childhood?

Answer 1

Middle Childhood - ages 6-11

Question 2

Growth and Strengths

• Growth is slow and steady; self-care is easy
• Children depend less on their families
• Muscles become stronger, can run faster
• Are able to eat enough, or too much
• Earlier malnutrition is evident in height
• Improved medical and oral care in the U.S

Answer 2

Study Facts

Question 3

The following are all benefits of __________ _________?

• Better overall health, including less asthma
• Less obesity
• Appreciation of cooperation and fair play
• Improved problem-solving ability
• Respect for teammates and opponents of many -ethnicities and nationalities

Answer 3

Physical Activity

Question 4

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by…

Answer 4

… A person’s body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.

Question 5

In a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile.

Answer 5

Overweight

Question 6

In a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile.

Answer 6

Obesity

Question 7

Social influences on obesity:

Answer 7

school lunches, snack machines, subsidies for corn oil but not fresh veggies, food advertising, etc.

Question 8

Parenting influences on obesity:

Answer 8

infants not breast fed, too much T.V., drink soda, no exercise, poor family eating habits

Question 9

___________can be genetically predisposed

Answer 9

Heredity

Question 10

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes it difficult to breathe.

Signs and symptoms include :
wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Answer 10

Asthma

Question 11

______________children are overprotected from viruses and bacteria

Answer 11

Contemporary

Question 12

Some experts suggest a __________ _________ for the current increase in all allergies.

Answer 12

hygiene hypothesis

Question 13

3 Preventions of Asthma

Answer 13

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Question 14

Prevention of Asthma

-changes in society such as better ventilation, less pollution, etc.

Answer 14

Primary

Question 15

Prevention of Asthma

-decrease among high-risk children by breast feeding, family exercise, less dust, smoke and cockroaches

Answer 15

Secondary:

Question 16

Prevention of Asthma

-prompt use of injections, inhalers and hypoallergenic materials

Answer 16

Tertiary:

Question 17

Maturing corpus callosum helps ______ and _____

Answer 17

balance and two-handed coordination

Question 18

Myelination speeds up ______ and _______.

Answer 18

thought & behavior

Question 19

Prefrontal cortex begins to ______,_____ and ______.

Answer 19

plan, monitor and evaluate

Question 20

time it takes to respond to a stimulus physically or cognitively

Answer 20

Reaction time:

Question 21

ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others

Answer 21

Selective attention:

Question 22

process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts & actions makes the sequence routine

Answer 22

Automatization:

Question 23

The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

Answer 23

Aptitude:

Question 24

____ ______ is a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude.

Answer 24

IQ test:

Question 25

Originally, intelligence was defined as ______age divided by __________ age, times 100--hence the term intelligence quotient, or IQ.

Answer 25

Mental age divided by chronological age

Question 26

_____ test is a measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, science, or some other subject.

Answer 26

Achievement test:

Question 27

The most important for school-age children is ________ aptitude, or the ability to learn in school, which is usually measured by an IQ test

Answer 27

intellectual aptitude

Question 28

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.

Answer 28

Flynn effect -

Question 29

Critisisms of testing - No test can measure the complexities of the human brain - Studies show that people inherit a set of abilities and not a general intellectual ability - Scores on tests change

Answer 29

Facts to study

Question 30

Robert Sternberg (1996) 3 multiple intelligences:

Answer 30

− Academic: IQ and achievement tests − Creative: imaginative endeavors − Practical: everyday problem solving

Question 31

These are significant in adulthood when practical intelligence is more relevant than academic intelligence.

Answer 31

The three intelligences | Academic, Creative and Practical

Question 32

``` Howard Gardner (1983, 1999, 2006) − 9 intelligences are: ``` − people excel in some more than others − influential in education, especially with children

Answer 32

linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential

Question 33

Brain scan facts: - One way to measure the mind is to measure the brain - Interpretations of brain scans are controversial - Brain fitness correlates with physical fitness

Answer 33

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Question 34

Links the study of typical development with the study of disorders.

Answer 34

Developmental Psychopathology

Question 35

presence of 2 or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person

Answer 35

Comorbid-

Question 36

A condition in which a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and thus has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments

Answer 36

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):

Question 37

A condition where the person has extreme mood swings that are not caused by outside experiences.

Answer 37

Bipolar disorder:

Question 38

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.

Answer 38

Learning disability:

Question 39

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

Answer 39

Dyslexia:

Question 40

developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech.

Answer 40

Autism:

Question 41

Any of several disorders characterized by impaired communication, inadequate social skills, and unusual patterns of play.

Answer 41

Autistic spectrum disorder:

Question 42

disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.

Answer 42

Asperger syndrome-

Question 43

Changing laws and practices: −least restrictive environment (LRE) −response to intervention −individual education plan (IEP)

Answer 43

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