Chapter 20 Flashcards
Adulthood Biosocial
A gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient.
Senescence
Severe brain loss in middle age is usually due to 4 things? what are they?
Drug abuse
Poor circulation
Viruses
Genes
A loss of hearing that is associated with senescence and that usually does not become apparent until after age 60
Presbycusis
*Infertility is most common in nations where medical care is scarce and _____’s are common.
- United States: ___?___% of all couples are infertile
- Partly because many postpone childbearing
- Half of those trying to conceive in their 40s are infertile and the other half risk various complications
STI’s
15%
Multiple factors (e.g. advanced age, fever, radiation, prescription drugs, stress, environmental toxins, drug abuse, alcoholism, cigarette smoking) can reduce sperm number, shape, and motility occurs in_______
Males
________ can be affected by anything that impairs physical functioning (e.g. advanced age, diseases, smoking, extreme dieting, obesity).
______________can block the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching an ovum.
Fertility
______________can block the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching an ovum.
-Pelvic inflammatory disease
-Advances in medicine have solved about half of all fertility problems.
-Overcomes obstacles such as a low sperm count and blocked fallopian tubes.
is_…….
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
- Procedure in which ova (egg cells) are surgically removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory.
- After the fertilized cells (the zygotes) have divided several times, they are inserted into the woman’s uterus….. DESCRIBES ____ ___ ___________
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Time in middle age (around age 50) when a woman’s menstrual periods cease completely and the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops considerably.
- Dated to one year after a woman’s last menstrual period.
Menopause
- Treatment to compensate for hormone reduction at menopause or after removal of the ovaries.
- Usually involves estrogen and progesterone
- Minimizes menopausal symptoms and diminishes the risk of osteoporosis in later adulthood.
- Involves health risks.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
“male menopause”
*Coined to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men, resulting in a reduction in sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass.
*Effectiveness of HRT is questionable.
Andropause
Tobacco:
- Cigarette smoking has declined in the U.S. over the past ___ years.
- Worldwide trends are less encouraging.
- Smoking rates rising in developing nations.
- Smoking-related cancers increasing throughout the world.
- Variations among nations, cohorts, and gender indicate smoking is affected by social norms, laws, and advertising.
50 years
- *****Heavy Drinking
- Increases the risk of violent death and is implicated in _____ diseases.
- Stark international variations in alcohol abuse.
- Binge drinking signals a problem
- —-About ___% of U.S. adults had five or more drinks on a single occasion in the past year.
- Disproportionate burden of harm in poorer countries
- —-Prevention and treatment strategies have not been fully established.
60; 20%
Only __% of U.S. adults eat three daily servings of vegetables.
27%
Highest rates of obesity and diabetes are in ____ _______
United states
__% of U.S. adults are overweight
Of those, 50% are obese and 5% morbidly obese
-Metabolism decreases by __\___rd between ages 20 and 60.
66%, 1\3rd
-Increase in obesity rates cannot be blamed on genes ____?____ influences are more important!
cultural influences
Any situation, event, experience, or other stimulus that causes a person to feel stressed.
Stressor
A strategy to deal with stress by dealing with it directly.
Problem-focused coping
A strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor.
Emotion-focused coping
- The total physiological stress that a person has
- A high load increases the risk of disease.
Allostatic load
Gradual accumulation of stressors over a long period of time, wearing down the resilience and resistance of a person.
Weathering
Measures that help prevent morbidity, mortality, and disability in the public at large. i.e. immunization, preventive health practices
Public Health
