Chapter 16 Flashcards
Adolescence - Psychosocial Development
-Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “Who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt
Identity versus role confusion
Erikson’s term for the attainment of identity, the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.
Identity achievement
(identity diffusion)
-A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is.
Role confusion
Erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis.
Foreclosure
-An adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example.
Moratorium
for most, it is similar to that of their parents and communities beliefs
Religious Identity
-similar to their parents and apolitical teens tend to become apolitical adults
Political Identity
Originally meant envisioning oneself as a worker in a particular occupation; adults change vocation several time
. Vocational identity
“Gender identity” also known as ________ Identity
- Replaced Erikson’s term
- a person’s acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female.
- Adolescents experience strong sexual drives as their hormone levels increase. They are often confused about the drives and it may make achieving gender identity complicated.
Sexual identity
What are the 4 arenas of Identity Formation
- Religious
- Political
- Vocational
- Sexual Identity
This type of conflict typically peaks in early adolescence and is more a sign of attachment than of distance
Parent- adolescent conflict
Petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing.
Bickering
Although teenagers may act as if they no longer need their parents, _____ can be very destructive.
Neglect
- ________ ___________: something, such as teen rebellion, that is common to only certain cultures.
- In every culture, adolescents benefit from increasing autonomy but some cultures allow more (i.e. U.S.) than others (i.e. Hong Kong)
Social construction
Four Aspects of ___________:
1.Communication:
Do parents and teens talk openly with one another?
2.Support:
Do they rely on one another?
3.Connectedness:
How emotionally close are they?
4.Control:
Do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?
Four Aspects of Closeness:
________ is when parents’ ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom.
Positive consequences when part of a warm, supportive relationship
Negative when overly restrictive and controlling
Parental monitoring
- Encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority.
Peer Pressure
-Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.
Deviancy training
A group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders.
Clique
A larger group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily friends.
Crowd
- Teenagers select friends whose values and interests they share, abandoning friends who follow other paths.
Selection
- Peers facilitate both destructive (“Let’s all skip school”) and constructive (“Let’s study together”) behaviors in one another.
- **Helps individuals do things that they would be unlikely to do on their own.
Facilitation
Whether a person is sexually attracted to others of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes
Sexual orientation
-Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more.
Clinical depression
