Chapter 11 Part I

Question 1

RBCs are AKA

Answer 1

erythrocytes

Question 2

WBCs are AKA

Answer 2

leukocytes

Question 3

formation and development of blood cells, hematology

Answer 3

hematopoiesis

Question 4

the production, function and destruction of one type of cell (RBC or WBC) are usually closely linked and affect one another… therefore they are ______

Answer 4

interconnected

Question 5

formation or development of blood cells in liver, spleen, lymph nodes and thymus

Answer 5

extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 6

hematopoiesis is more common in the VERTEBRAE and pelvis ______ in life

Answer 6

older

Question 7

rupture of erythrocytes; releases contents in hemoglobin

Answer 7

hemolysis

Question 8

erythrocyte production in red bone marrow; compensatory hyperplasia of RBC stem cells

Answer 8

erythropoiesis

Question 9

immature RBCs; mature 1 day in circulation

Answer 9

reticulocyte

Question 10

marrow failure, decrease circulating reticulocytes

Answer 10

reticulocytopenia

Question 11

increase in RBCs

Answer 11

polycythemia

Question 12

with anemia, there is a DECREASE in RBC _____ and DECREASE in _____ capacity

Answer 12

mass

oxygen

Question 13

___% of men and ___% of women have anemia in US

Answer 13

4%

8%

Question 14

(3) causes of anemia

Answer 14

blood loss (hemorrhage)
increase RBC destruction
decrease RBC production

Question 15

anemia produces tissues _____ which leads to ____ oxygen supply

Answer 15

hypoxia

decrease

Question 16

recovery from anemia is enhanced by compensatory rise in ____ level which stimulates ____ RBC production and renal fibroblasts by _____ times

Answer 16

erythropoietin
increase
5-8

Question 17

RBC morphology is associated with cause; (3) categories

Answer 17

microcytic (small)
normocytic (decrease #)
macrocytic (enlarged)

Question 18

pallor
fatique
weakness (LASSITUDE)
decrease growth
osseous abnormalities
cachexia
associated with:

Answer 18

anemia

Question 19

hemolytic: Hb –> bilirubin –> ________

Answer 19

jaundice/gallstones

Question 20

the severity of anemia depends on (2)

Answer 20

rate of onset

mechanism

Question 21

anemia of blood loss is AKA _______ ; caused by burns, internal injuries (GI), diarrhea, gyno

Answer 21

hemorrhagic anemia

Question 22

hemorrhagic anemia has risk of ________ if more than 20% blood volume –> end organ failure

Answer 22

hypovolemic shock

Question 23

the RBCs in hemorrhagic anemia are considered ____ & ______

Answer 23

normocytic

normochromic

Question 24

renal hypoxia –> ____ in EPO, hemodilution: in ___ days; reticulocytosis in ______ days

Answer 24

increase
2-3 days
5-7 days

Question 25

___ is needed for hemoglobin synthesis, chronic blood loss --> ___ stores of ____

Answer 25

iron | decrease stores of iron

Question 26

accelerated RBC destruction occurs in ____ anemia

Answer 26

hemolytic

Question 27

normal RBCs have lifespan of ____ days; in hemolytic anemia, RBCs have lifespan of ____ days

Answer 27

120 | 15-20 days

Question 28

hemolytic anemia that is hereditary; enzyme deficiency, disordered Hb synthesis

Answer 28

intracorpuscular defects

Question 29

hemolytic anemia that is acquired: antibodies, RBC trauma, infections

Answer 29

extracorpuscular defects

Question 30

MC category of hemolytic anemia

Answer 30

extravascular

Question 31

hemolytic anemia with trauma to RBC membrane, physical/biochemical; damaged heart valve, toxins, heat, complement, **hemoglobinura**

Answer 31

intravascular hemolysis

Question 32

hemoglobin in urine

Answer 32

hemoglobinuria

Question 33

hemolytic anemia with macrophages in spleen, liver -- blood leaves circulation and ends up in an organ

Answer 33

extravascular hemolysis

Question 34

extravascular hemolysis -- RBCs usually end up in which organs

Answer 34

SPLEEN = MC | liver

Question 35

abnormally shaped RBCs, general term

Answer 35

poikilocyte

Question 36

irregularly shaped RBCs, from hemolysis (helmet shaped)

Answer 36

schistocyte

Question 37

teardrop-shaped RBC

Answer 37

darcocyte

Question 38

types of hemolytic anemia (8)

Answer 38

``` hereditary spherocytosis sickle cell anemia thalassemia glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria immunohemolytic anemias traumatic malaria ```

Question 39

Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal _____ mutation and _____ defect, abnormal _______ membrane, fragile

Answer 39

dominant intracorpuscular RBC membrane

Question 40

RBCs are LESS elastic which leads to shedding in ______

Answer 40

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 41

(2) characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 41

spherocytes (sphere shaped) | decrease life span (removed by SPLEEN)

Question 42

treatment for hereditary spherocytosis is

Answer 42

splenectomy