Chapter 18 Part I

Question 1

MC cause of vulvitis

Answer 1

inflammation

Question 2

pruritus
allergic contact dermatitis
infection
BARTHOLIN CYST
are associated with

Answer 2

vulvitis

Question 3

(2) epithelial disorders of vulva

Answer 3

lichen sclerosus

lichen simplex chronicus

Question 4

epidermal THINNING with WHITE lesions near labia minor that is MC in elderly and has MINIMAL inflammation

Answer 4

lichen sclerosus

Question 5

epithelial hyperplasia & hyperkeratosis that is associated with chronic irritation; has dermal INFLAMMATION

Answer 5

lichen simplex chronicus

Question 6

epithelial disorder that has a small CA risk (1-5% –> SCC)

Answer 6

lichen sclerosus

Question 7

(2) types of neoplasia associated with neoplasia of vulva

Answer 7

condyloma

vulvar carcinoma

Question 8

neoplasia with post infix, warty lesions

Answer 8

condyloma

Question 9

secondary to syphillus, flat, moist, painless

Answer 9

condylomata lata

Question 10

rare neoplasm, usually > 60 y.o.; late metastasis

90% SCC

Answer 10

vulvar carcinoma

Question 11

vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia often leads to _____ type of vulvar carcinoma

Answer 11

HPV-related SCC

Question 12

type of vulvar carcinoma that is more rare, associated with HPV-16 and 18 (HIGH RISK strains) and in middle aged females

Answer 12

HPV-related SCC

Question 13

type of vulvar carcinoma that is MC and occurs in older women, lichen sclerosis. no VIN

Answer 13

non-HPV related SCC

Question 14

discharge (leukorrhea), pain and pruritus is often associated with ________; may also be caused by an infection

Answer 14

vaginitis

Question 15

trichomonoas vaginalis produces a _____ colored discharge, while C. albicans produces a ______ colored discharge

Answer 15

green

white

Question 16

vaginal cancer that is MC > 60 y.o.
risk is HPV
precancerous VIN lead to this cancer

Answer 16

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 17

vaginal cancer that was discovered in mothers who took diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent threatened abortions – very rare now

Answer 17

clear cell adenocarcinoma

Question 18

vaginal cancer that occurs in girls under 5 y.o. and starts as soft polypod “raspberry-like projections”

Answer 18

sarcoma botyoides

Question 19

MC cause of infectious cervicitis

Answer 19

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 20

MC type of non-infectious cervicitis

Answer 20

chronic (due to estrogen fluctuations

Question 21

risks of neoplasia of cervix (4)

Answer 21

early 1st intercourse
multiple sex partners
male partner w/ many partners
persistent infxn w/ high risk HPV

Question 22

type of HPV that is high risk for neoplasia of cervix (2)

Answer 22

HPV 16

HPV 18

Question 23

most HPV infxns are transient for _____; the few that persist –> ________, which is precursor for invasive carcinoma

Answer 23

months

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Question 24

in cervical neoplasia, there is a ______ zone from ______ epithelium to _____ epithelium – this occurs during ______

Answer 24

transformation
columnar
squamous
puberty

Question 25

HPV that leads to dysplasia of cervix is called _______; the MC diagnosis is at 30 y.o.

Answer 25

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Question 26

________ CIN is usually observed to ensure that it doesn't progress because about 60% will regress

Answer 26

low-grade CIN

Question 27

______ CIN that has to be removed because 10% lead to cancer

Answer 27

high-grade CIN

Question 28

term for the progressive change from normal to abnormal cells associated with CIN, usually have large nucleus, anaplasia, irregular borders, and hyperchromasis

Answer 28

koliocytosis

Question 29

CIN is usually ________, so pap smears are used for screening; abnormal pap smears require ______

Answer 29

asymptomatic | colposcopy

Question 30

75% of invasive carcinoma of cervix is _____ type of cancer and is MC diagnosed in mid 40's

Answer 30

SCC

Question 31

invasive carcinoma occurs in _______ and has variable size, when it gets over ____ mm it is considered aggressive

Answer 31

``` transition zone 3 mm (10% metastasize to this size) ```

Question 32

Tumors encircling the cervix and penetrating into the underlying stroma are called

Answer 32

barrel cervix

Question 33

_____ is MC secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 33

endometritis

Question 34

when endometrial tissue is everywhere in tissue except in endometrium (where is should be) is called_______; cyclic bleeding --> fibrosis and adhesions

Answer 34

extrauterine endometrial tissue

Question 35

50% of female infertility is caused by

Answer 35

extrauterine endometrial tissue

Question 36

chocolate cyst is associated with

Answer 36

endometriosis

Question 37

profuse/prolonged menstruation

Answer 37

menorrhagia

Question 38

irregular bleeding btwn periods (spotting)

Answer 38

metrorrhagia

Question 39

abnormal breakdown of endometrium b/c of inadequate luteal phase -- MC at extremes of reproductive life

Answer 39

anovulatory cycle

Question 40

increase in estrogen, failed ovulation that is precursor to endometrial carcinoma

Answer 40

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 41

MC female genital tract CA, occurs 55-65 y.o., endometroid = 80%

Answer 41

endometrial carcinoma

Question 42

polyps tha are .5- 3 cm sessile mass that is MC around menopause

Answer 42

endometrial polyp

Question 43

smooth muscle tumor in MYOMETRIUM that is benign, MC during reproductive age, **NUMEROUS polyps**

Answer 43

leiomyoma (aka fibroids)

Question 44

malignant polyp in MYOMETRIUM that usually occurs postmenopausal, MC metastasis --> lungs **SOLITARY polyp**

Answer 44

leiomyosarcoma

Question 45

MC inflammation of fallopian tube is called

Answer 45

salpingitis

Question 46

MC type of fallopian tube carcinoma is ______ and MC located on the ______

Answer 46

adenocarcinoma | fimbriae