Chapter 11 Part III (QUIZ cont.)

Question 1

MC locations of malaria

Answer 1

asia

africa

Question 2

malaria is a _____ infection; the most important species of infection is ______

Answer 2

protozoan

plasmodium falciparum

Question 3

all forms of malaria are transmitted by ____ ANOPHELES ______ and ___ are the sole reservoir

Answer 3

female anopheles mosquito

humans

Question 4

mosquito feeds on human blood –> infects ___ cells –> multiplies in ______ –> ____ attack RBC

Answer 4

liver cells
blood
merozoites

Question 5

showers of merozoites are released ____ hours after infection

Answer 5

48 hours

Question 6

increase in hemoglobin in urine due to falciparum malaria is called

Answer 6

blackwater fever

Question 7

features of malaria

Answer 7

episodic shaking
chills & fever (shower)
vomiting
sweating
hemoglobinuria
renal failure
jaundice
splenomegaly
headache

Question 8

CNS involvement, seizures, convulsions, coma/death

may be lethal within days

Answer 8

cerebral malaria

Question 9

______ includes anemias that are caused by an inadequate dietary supply of nutrients, particularly iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

Answer 9

anemias of diminished erythropoiesis

Question 10

____ deficiency is MC cause of anemia ad MC nutritional deficiency

Answer 10

iron deficiency

Question 11

80% of iron is store in ______ in liver, spleen, marrow, skeletal muscle

Answer 11

hemoglobin

Question 12

iron is transported via ______ and regulated by _______

Answer 12

transferrin (serum ferritin)

dietary absorption

Question 13

reduced iron stores –> depletion of _____ –> reduced ______ –> ANEMIA

Answer 13

serum ferritin

hemoglobin synthesis

Question 14

cells appear ____ & _____ with iron deficiency anemia

Answer 14

microcytic

hypochromic

Question 15

poor bioavailability with DECREASE dietary intake is MC in _______ ; CHRONIC blood loss is MC in ______

Answer 15

developing nations

developed nations

Question 16

sources of chronic blood loss is ___ & _____

Answer 16

GI tract (ulcers, colon CA, hemorrhoids, celiac, UC)
female genital tract

Question 17

iron deficiency anemia is MC _____ or mild; symptoms include _____, pale skin, lack of energy, _____ cognition, ___ immunity – treatment is _______

Answer 17

asymptomatic
fatigue
impaired
decreased
iron supplementation

Question 18

megaloblastic anemia is a deficiency of what 2 things

Answer 18

folate (folic acid, B9)
vit B12 (cobalamin)

Question 19

deficiencies of folate and vit B12 produce

Answer 19

megaloblasts

Question 20

macrocytes appear ____ & _____

Answer 20

macrocytic

hyperchromic

Question 21

decrease RBC (anemia)
decrease WBCs (leukopenia)
decrease platelets (thrombocytopenia)

Answer 21

pancytopenia

Question 22

diminished erythropoiesis that is rare and caused by poor diet, and increased metabolism especially in elderly, pregnant, alcoholism, celiac

Answer 22

folate deficiency anemia

Question 23

folic acid is denatured _____ MINS after cooking

Answer 23

10-15 mins

Question 24

features of folate deficiency anemia

Answer 24

insidious
fatigue
weakness
sore tongue

Question 25

diagnosis of folate deficiency anemia is by _____ in peripheral blood, decrease serum folate & normal _______

Answer 25

macrocytes | vit B12

Question 26

AKA pernicious anemia

Answer 26

vit B12 deficiency anemia

Question 27

vit important for DNA synthesis and maintenance of PNS and spinal cord

Answer 27

vit B12

Question 28

MC cause of b12 deficiency is ____; gastric mucosal atrophy and MC in _____

Answer 28

chronic malabsorption | elderly

Question 29

features of vit B12 deficiency

Answer 29

``` fatigue pale skin weakness neuropathy - CNS & PNS (symmetric) numbness, tingling, burning ```

Question 30

diagnosis of vit B12 def anemia

Answer 30

decrease serum b12 | normal folate

Question 31

_____ recovery is unlikely with vit B12 def anemia and increases risk of ____ carcinoma

Answer 31

neuropathy | gastric

Question 32

MC form of anemia in hospitalized patients

Answer 32

anemia of chronic diseases

Question 33

anemia of chronic diseases arises from _________

Answer 33

systemic inflammation (different than other anemia, which comes from decrease erythropoiesis)

Question 34

(3) chronic inflammatory disease that leads to anemia of chronic diseases

Answer 34

microbial infections immune disorders neoplasia

Question 35

features of anemia of chronic diseases (3)

Answer 35

decrease iron-binding capacity increase storage in marrow increase serum ferritin

Question 36

anemia that arises from suppression of myeloid stem cells that leads to BONE MARROW FAILURE 1/2 are idiopathic = WORSE PROGNOSIS

Answer 36

aplastic anemia

Question 37

the bone marrow in APLASTIC anemia is considered ______, with INCREASED _____

Answer 37

hypocellular | fat

Question 38

aplastic anemia has DECREASED in (3) things and is termed _____

Answer 38

decreased RBC, WBC, platelets | pancytopenia

Question 39

in cases of aplastic anemia that aren't not idiopathic, the cause is ______ agents - ADRs, toxins or viral infxn

Answer 39

myelotoxic agents

Question 40

___ cells are important in aplastic anemia because they attack marrow

Answer 40

T cells

Question 41

features of aplastic anemia

Answer 41

anemia (weakness, pallor, dyspnea) reticulocytopenia thrombocytopenia (decrease platelets) granulocytopenia (infection, fever, chills)

Question 42

one feature that differentiates aplastic anemia from myelophthisic anemia is that it does NOT cause ______

Answer 42

aplastic anemia does NOT cause splenomegaly

Question 43

treatment for aplastic anemia is _____ and ___% of people respond; transfusions or marrow transplants may be done

Answer 43

immunosuppressive meds | 80%

Question 44

anemia that is caused by extensive infiltration of bone marrow

Answer 44

myelophthisic anemia

Question 45

myelophthisic anemia MC metastasizes to ____, most people have chronic _____ and thrombocytopenia

Answer 45

bone | granulomatous disease

Question 46

RBCs in myelophthisic anemia are ______ or ____ shaped

Answer 46

dacrocytes | teardrop