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Microbiology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Are non -specific defenses used to protect the body from any general pathogenic attack.

A

Innate

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2
Q

Are specific defenses used to protect the body from pathogens identified by the body.

A

Acquired

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3
Q

The branch of medicine and biology is concerned with immunity.

A

Immunology

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3
Q

This usually involves chemical or physical

A

Barriers

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4
Q

Is the most apparent physical barrier.

A

Skin

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5
Q

In the respiratory system trap and then push out inhaled particles.

A

Cilia/Mucus

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6
Q

Can physically occupy space to prevent pathogens from attaching to the body surfaces

A

Microbiome

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7
Q

Is a chemical found in tears and saliva (among others) that hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls.

A

Lysozyme

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8
Q

A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

A

Phagocytes

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9
Q

A protein by cells usually in response to the entry of a virus.

A

Interferons

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10
Q

Plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibody.

A

Complement system

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11
Q

A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful.

A

Inflammation

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12
Q

When the body temperature rises over 37C.

A

Fever

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13
Q

Is a solution

A

Plasma

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14
Q

are not ‘soluble’

A

Formed elements.

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15
Q

Red blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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16
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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17
Q

A small colorless disk-shaped cell fragment without a nucleus.

A

Platelets

18
Q

Are leukocytes that contain large granules

A

Granulocytes

19
Q

Which make release histamine

A

Basophils

20
Q

perform phagocytosis and diapedesis

A

Eosinophils

21
Q

Is the movement of WBC outside the blood vessels.

A

Diapedesis

22
Q

Perform phagocytosis and diapedesis

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

Are leukocytes that do not contain large granules

A

Agranulocytes

24
Q

Mature into macrophages

A

Monocytes

25
Q

Which are responsible for specific immune response, B and T lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

Cells (part of nonspecific response) are also lymphocytes

A

Natural killer

26
Q

Is a test to measure the ratio of WBCs

A

Differential white blood cell count

27
Q

increased eosinophils –> allergies or parasitic worm infection

A

Eosinophilia

28
Q

Is the process by which cells of the immune system engulf invading cells to break them down.

A

Phagocytosis

29
Q

Is the movement of a cell in response to a chemical stimulus

A

Chemotaxis

30
Q

Is when pseudopods extend from the phagocyte to surround the microbe

A

Ingestion

31
Q

Is how the macrophage breaks down the invader that it swallowed

A

Digestion

31
Q

Will eliminate the debris by exocytosis

A

Elimination

31
Q

Is the recognition and attachment of the phagocyte to the invading cell.

A

Adherence

32
Q

Use in movement and as a tool to capture prey.

A

Pseudopods

33
Q

Phagocytose bacteria and secrete both proinflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

A

Macrophages

34
Q

Controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells.

A

Cytokines

35
Q

Are things that might be recognized by a receptor protein on the macrophage

A

Pathogen-Associate Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

36
Q

Degradation of biological material

A

Phagosome

37
Q

Containing a variety of chemicals that damage the invader

A

Lysosome

38
Q

The perforate the membrane of invading bacteria

A

Membrane Attach Complex (MAC)

39
Q

Is a chemical that is used during viral infection

A

Interferon

40
Q

Trigger the hypothalamus to increase body temperature

A

Pyrogens

Microbiology (16 decks)

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