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Microbiology > Chapter 2&4 > Flashcards

Chapter 2&4 Flashcards

1
Q

You can see what they look like, what they’re doing, and how they’re interacting.

A

Macroscopic

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2
Q

Introduces organisms.

A

Inoculation

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3
Q

That provides them with the nutrients and resources they need to grow.

A

Media

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4
Q

Removes all living things from an environment

A

Sterile

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4
Q

Most environments contain a variety of microbes, but scientist want to study one at a time.

A

Isolated

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5
Q

Is the process of storing the inoculation medium in a controlled environment to allow it to grow.

A

Incubation

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6
Q

This is done most easily on solid media, where you see individual colonies

A

pure culture

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7
Q

Is assumed to have come from one cell that has multiplied for many generations to create millions of identical cells.

A

Colony

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7
Q

You can’t know whether results are caused by organism you care about.

A

Contamination

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8
Q

Involves observing characteristics of organisms that you’ve grown

A

Inspection

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9
Q

Is the use of information gathered from inspection to determine what the organism actually is.

A

Identification

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10
Q

Will allow many different microbes to grow.

A

General purpose media

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11
Q

If its chemical composition is know completely it is considered.

A

Defined

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12
Q

If there is no way to know its exact chemical composition then its

A

Complex

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13
Q

Are media have had ‘special’ substance added

A

Enriched media

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14
Q

ones that have special ‘dietary requirements’

A

Fastidious

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15
Q

Media with ingredients meant to prevent the growth of certain organisms is considered

A

Selective

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16
Q

Media with ingredients that cause some organisms to show a visibly different growth is considered

A

Differential

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17
Q

This is the study of organisms too small to be seen by the naked eye and we use something to see them.

A

Microscopy

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18
Q

Works by passing light through a specimen, then through one or more lenses

A

Light microscopy

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19
Q

Is how much bigger an image looks compared to its actual size

A

Magnification

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20
Q

Is how far two things have to be apart for them to be distinguished under a microscope.

A

Resolution

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21
Q

Techniques to color and highlight cells and cellular features so we can see them under a microscope.

A

Staining

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22
Q

Dye that directly color the surface of the cell are known as

A

Direct (or positive) stains

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23
Q

Dye that color the slide itself but do not color the surface of the cell are known as

A

Indirect (or negative) stains

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24
Q

If a stain has more than one way of reacting with a cell it is known as

A

Differential stain

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25
Q

Are used to differentiate between two types of structure on the outside of the cell

A

Gram stains

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26
Q

Cells have thick cell wall and no out membrane

A

Gram positive

27
Q

Cells have a thin cell wall and an outer membrane

A

Gram-negative

28
Q

Stain special components of the cell, but only if those structure are there

A

Structural stains

29
Q

What are the 5 “I”s of microbiology.

A

Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, and identification.

30
Q

Animals

A

Animalia

30
Q

Plants

A

Plantae

31
Q

Molds, mushrooms, and yeasts

A

Fungi

32
Q

A bunch of different group that aren’t closely related

A

Protista

33
Q

Eukaryotic cells tend to have this

A

Glycocalyx

34
Q

Are structurally very different from bacterial.

A

Flagella

35
Q

Forming a ring around a central pair

A

Microtubule pairs

36
Q

Some protists known as

A

Ciliates

37
Q

Eukaryotes only have one

A

Cell membrane

38
Q

Eukaryotic membranes have this kind of molecule that strengthens and rigidify the membrane.

A

Steroid

39
Q

Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane enclosed what

A

Nucleus

40
Q

More generally they possess multiple what

A

Membrane bound organelles

41
Q

There are some structure in eukaryotic cells that are this but not found in prokaryotic cells

A

Non-membranous

42
Q

Is an extensive network of protein fibers that run under the cell membrane.

A

Cytoskeleton

43
Q

The gelatinous liquid fills the inside of a cell

A

Cytoplasm

44
Q

This is made of tubulin

A

Microtubules

45
Q

This is made of actin

A

Microfilaments

46
Q

Eukaryotic cells’ DNA is stored inside the

A

Nucleus

47
Q

Enclosed by a double membrane called the

A

Nuclear envelope

48
Q

In the membrane act as a passageway for molecules to move through

A

Nuclear pores

49
Q

Inside the nucleus is a dense granular region known as this where ribosomal components are made.

A

Nucleolus

50
Q

Is a series of membranous tunnels that extend from the outer membrane of the nucleus

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

51
Q

Is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids

A

Smooth ER

52
Q

Is made of the same material, but is coated in ribosomes

A

Rough ER

53
Q

Modify, process, and ‘ship out’ proteins made at the rough ER.

A

Golgi apparatus

54
Q

The Golgi apparatus, nucleus, and ER together form the

A

Endomembrane system

55
Q

Is made by animal cells that ‘swallow’ something from the environment they’re in

A

Lysosome

56
Q

Is a type of lysosomes that breaks down poisonous peroxides (waste) made during metabolism

A

Peroxisome

56
Q

Is a membrane enclosed organelle that contains a large amount of water as well as some water-soluble nutrients as storage for the cell

A

Vacuole

56
Q

The folds are called this in the inner membrane.

A

Cristae

56
Q

This membrane is smooth

A

Outer membrane

56
Q

This membrane countered, folded

A

Inner membrane

56
Q

Are the organelles that are at the center of Eukaryotic metabolism-produce ATP

A

Mitochondria

56
Q

Are light-harvesting organelles found in photosynthetic eukaryotes such as plants and algae

A

Chloroplasts

56
Q

Is the fluid inside the inner membrane

A

Mitochondrial matrix

56
Q

The space between the two is called the

A

Intermembrane space

56
Q

Over 2 billion years ago, a large eukaryotic cell engulfed a small prokaryotic cell with a particularly useful function.

A

The Endosymbiotic theory

Microbiology (16 decks)

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