Chapter 12 Meiosis

Question 1

Somatic

Answer 1

Body cells

Question 2

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 2

Haploid

Question 3

Haploid Def

Answer 3

Single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 4

Diploid Def

Answer 4

2 complete sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent

Question 5

Female Reproductive Organs

Answer 5

Ovary

Question 6

Female Sex cell

Answer 6

Egg/Ova

Question 7

Creation of female sex cell

Answer 7

oogenesis

Question 8

Male reproductive organ

Answer 8

Testicles

Question 9

Male sex cell

Answer 9

sperm/spermatazoa

Question 10

Creation of male sex cell

Answer 10

Spermatogenesis

Question 11

Chromosome # during Meiosis

Answer 11

46 – 92 – (2)46 – (4)23

Question 12

Acronym for Meiosis

Answer 12

(I)PMAT(C)PMAT(C)

Question 13

Is there interphase between Meiosis 1 and 2

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

Stages of interphase

Answer 14

G1, S, G2

Question 15

Prophase 1

Answer 15

Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This results in new combinations of genetic material in the daughter cells.

Question 16

Metaphase I

Answer 16

Metaphase I: The homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell.

Question 17

Anaphase I

Answer 17

Anaphase I: The homologous chromosome pairs separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 18

Telophase I

Answer 18

Telophase I: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell
“Pinch thing to peanut”

Question 19

Prophase II

Answer 19

Prophase II: The chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 20

Metaphase II

Answer 20

Metaphase II: The chromosomes line up at the center of each cell.

Question 21

Anaphase II

Answer 21

Anaphase II: The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cells.

Question 22

Telophase II

Answer 22

Telophase II: The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cells

Question 23

Tetrad

Answer 23

Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis

Question 24

Shmancy name for crease formed in telophase

Answer 24

Cleavage furrow

Question 25

Shmancy name for middle of cell where chromosomes line up

Answer 25

equatorial plate

Question 26

What stage of Meiosis are the Chromosomes pulled apart to Chromatids

Answer 26

Meiosis II

Question 27

Mendel is considered?

Answer 27

"father of genetics"

Question 28

Genetics

Answer 28

study of inherited traits

Question 29

Allele

Answer 29

Option for characteristic

Question 30

Allele T

Answer 30

Dominant Tall Recessive Short

Question 31

Allele Y

Answer 31

Pea color Dominant Yellow Recessive Green

Question 32

Allele G

Answer 32

Pod Color Dominant Green Recessive Yellow

Question 33

Allele P

Answer 33

Flower color Dominant Purple Recessive White

Question 34

Allele A

Answer 34

Flower Position Dominant Axial (on stem) Recessive Terminal (Top of stem)

Question 35

Allele W

Answer 35

Pea Shape Dominant Wrinkled Recessive Smooth

Question 36

Allele S

Answer 36

Pod Shape Dominant Smooth Recessive Constricted

Question 37

Fertilization

Answer 37

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 38

trait

Answer 38

specific characteristic of an individual

Question 39

hybrid

Answer 39

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 40

Gene

Answer 40

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; a factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 41

Allele

Answer 41

One of a number different forms of a gene

Question 42

Principle of dominance

Answer 42

Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and other are recessive

Question 43

Segregation

Answer 43

Seperation of alleles during gamete formation

Question 44

Probability

Answer 44

Likelihood that a particular even will occur

Question 45

Homozygous

Answer 45

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Question 46

heterozygous

Answer 46

having two different alleles for a particular gene

Question 47

Phenotype

Answer 47

Physical characteristics for an organism

Question 48

Genotype

Answer 48

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 49

Punnett square

Answer 49

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combination of a genetic cross

Question 50

Independant assortment

Answer 50

One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

Question 51

Incomplete dominance

Answer 51

Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

Question 52

Codominance

Answer 52

Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

Question 53

Multiple alleles

Answer 53

A gene that has more that two alleles

Question 54

Polygenic trait

Answer 54

Trait controlled by two or more genes

Question 55

Homologous

Answer 55

Refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

Question 56

Diploid

Answer 56

Cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 57

Haploid

Answer 57

Cell that contains only a single set of genes

Question 58

Crossing over

Answer 58

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 59

What did Mendel conclude determines biological inheritance?

Answer 59

Mendel concluded that "factors" (now known as genes), determine biological inheritance. He also proposed that these factors are inherited from both parents and can be dominant or recessive.

Question 60

What is segregation?

Answer 60

Segregation refers to the separation of paired alleles during the formation of gametes (sex cells). This is done so that each gamete receives only one allele of each gene, and offspring inherit one allele from each parent.

Question 61

How is self-pollination similar to cross-pollination? How is it different?

Answer 61

Self-pollination and cross-pollination are both methods of plant reproduction. Differences Self-pollination -- offspring genetically identical to the parent, Cross-pollination -- offspring with genetic variation.