Chapter 2.4 Flashcards
Chemical Reaction
a process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another
Energy and mass are ____ ______ during chemical transformations
always conserved
Reactants
elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
Products
elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
Chemical reactions involve changes in the _______ ____ that join atoms in compounds
chemical bonds
What happens to energy when chemical bonds are formed or broken in chemical reactions?
It is released or absorbed, either on its own or spontaneously
Examples of Chemical Reactions
1) Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream (H₂O + CO₂ = H₂CO₃ [which is highly soluble] allows CO₂ to be brought to lungs so we can exhale it)2) Energy is released in the burning of hydrogen gas ~~ produces water vapor 2H₂ + O₂ = 2H₂O
All organisms need to perform ___ ____ in order to live.
chemical reactions
Activation Energy
(Ea) energy that is needed to start a reaction
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the reaction’s activation energy.
Enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up the chemical reactions that take place in cells. They are very specific and only catalyze one chemical reaction.
How do enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
1) When reactants collide with energy, new bonds are broken and new ones are formed*If there is not enough energy to create new bonds the reaction will not occur.2) Enzymes provide an ACTIVE SITE where the reactants are brought together and the energy is reduced3) Substrates bind to the active site and the reaction occurs
Substrates
reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Are always a perfect fit into enzymes
Enzymes can function under any conditions.(True or False)
FALSE
What can effect the activity of an enzyme?
Temperature, ph conditions, ionic conditions, and regulatory molecules
