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medical terminology > Chapter 12 respiratory system > Flashcards

Chapter 12 respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

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2
Q

alveolus

A

air sac in the lung

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A

tip or uppermost portion of the lung. An apex is the tip of a structure. Apical means pertaining to (at) the apex.

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4
Q

base of the lung

A

lower portion of the lung

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5
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.

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6
Q

bronchus

A

branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.

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7
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs.

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8
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia.

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9
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible.

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.

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11
Q

expiration

A

breathing out (exhalation).

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12
Q

glottis

A

slit-like opening to the larynx

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13
Q

hilum (of the lung)

A

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to (at) the hilum.

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14
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in (inhalation).

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15
Q

larynx

A

voice box; containing the vocal cords.

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16
Q

lobe

A

division of a lung.

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17
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

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18
Q

nares

A

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.

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19
Q

oxygen

A

gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.

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20
Q

palatine tonsil

A

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).

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21
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.

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22
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.

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23
Q

pharynx

A

throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

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24
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.

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25
pleural cavity
space between the folds of the pleura
26
pulmonary parenchyma
essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
27
respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
28
trachea
windpipe
29
visceral pleura
inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.
30
adenoid/o
adenoids
31
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
32
bronch/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
33
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
34
capn/o
carbon dioxide
35
coni/o
dust
36
cyan/o
blue
37
epiglott/o
epiglottis
38
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
39
lob/o
lobe of the lung
40
mediastin/o
mediastinum
41
nas/o
nose
42
orth/o
straight, upright
43
ox/o
oxygen
44
pector/o
chest
45
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
46
phon/o
voice
47
phren/o
diaphragm
48
pleur/o
pleura
49
pneum/o, pheumon/o
air, lung
50
pulmon/o
lung
51
rhin/o
nose
52
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
53
spir/o
breathing
54
tel/o
complete
55
thorac/o
chest
56
tonsill/o
tonsils
57
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
58
-ema
condition
59
-osmia
smell
60
-pnea
breathing
61
-ptysis
spitting
62
-sphyxia
pulse
63
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
64
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body.
65
percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
66
pleural rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
67
rales (crackles)
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.
68
rhonchi
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
69
sputum
material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
70
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
71
wheezes
continuous high-pitch whistling sounds produced during breathing.
72
croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor. most common cause is RSV
73
diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium).
74
epistaxis
nosebleed.
75
pertussis
whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.
76
asthma
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production.
77
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection.
78
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
79
cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
80
atelectasis
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
81
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
82
lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
83
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
84
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
85
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
86
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
87
pulmonary embolism (PE)
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.
88
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
89
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
90
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
91
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.
92
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
93
pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation of the pleura
94
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
95
anthracosis
coal dust accumulation in the lungs
96
asbestosis
asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
97
bacilli
rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis).
98
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic condition of persistent obstruction of airflow through bronchial tubes and lungs.
99
cor pulmonale
failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease.
100
exudate
fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation.
101
hydrothorax
collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
102
infiltrate
collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image.
103
palliative
relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease.
104
paroxysmal
pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden
105
pulmonary infarction
area of necrosis (death of lung tissue).
106
purulent
containing pus
107
silicosis
disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations.
108
chest x-ray (CXR)
radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)
109
computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.
110
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes.
111
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.
112
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).
113
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes.
114
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway.
115
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the voice box.
116
lung biopsy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination.
117
mediastinoscopy
endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum.
118
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently).
119
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.
120
thoracotomy
large surgical incision of the chest.
121
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope.
122
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck.
123
tuberculin test
determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction.
124
tube thoracostomy
chest tube is passed through an opening in the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion.

medical terminology (18 decks)

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