Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

medical terminology > Chapter 13 Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Blood System Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

albumin

A

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

antigen

A

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell. there are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fibrin

A

protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

immunoglobulin

A

protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

macrophage

A

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow.
26
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues.
27
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes.
28
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
29
plasma
liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins.
30
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
31
platelet
small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process.
32
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.
33
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.
34
Rh factor
antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.
35
serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.
36
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.
37
thrombin
enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation.
38
thrombocyte
platelet.
39
bas/o
base
40
chrom/o
color
41
coagul/o
clotting
42
cyt/o
cell
43
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
44
erythr/o
red
45
granul/o
granules
46
hem/o
blood
47
hemat/o
blood
48
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
49
is/o
same, equal
50
kary/o
nucleus
51
leuk/o
nucleus
52
leuk/o
white
53
mon/o
one, single
54
morph/o
shape, form
55
myel/o
bone marrow
56
neutr/o
neutral
57
nucle/o
nucleus
58
phag/o
eat, swallow
59
poikil/o
varied, irregular
60
sider/o
iron
61
spher/o
globe, round
62
thromb/o
clot
63
-apheresis
removal, a carrying away
64
-blast
immature cell, embryonic
65
-cytosis
abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)
66
-emia
blood condition
67
-globin
protein
68
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
69
-oid
derived from
70
-osis
abnormal condition
71
-penia
deficiency
72
-phage
eat, swallow
73
-philia
attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)
74
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
75
-poiesis
formation
76
-stasis
stop, control
77
dyscrasia
disease
78
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.
79
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
80
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction.
81
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body.
82
sickle cell anemia
hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis.
83
thalassemia
inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of mediterranean background.
84
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body.
85
polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells (erythremia).
86
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting.
87
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin.
88
petechiae
tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages.
89
leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes).
90
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.
91
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus.
92
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.
93
antiglobulin test
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes.
94
bleeding time
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound.
95
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube.
96
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values-MCH, MCV, MCHC
97
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma.
98
hematocrit (Hct)
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.
99
hemoglobin test
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood.
100
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.
101
prothrombin time (PT)
test of the ability of blood to clot
102
red blood cell count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.
103
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells.
104
white blood cell count (WBC)
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.
105
white blood cell differential [count]
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood.
106
apheresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood.
107
blood transfusion
whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient.
108
bone marrow biopsy
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle.
109
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient.

medical terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions