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medical terminology > Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(175 cards)

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1
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

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2
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

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3
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.

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4
Q

bone

A

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

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5
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

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6
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.

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7
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.

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8
Q

collagen

A

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

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9
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.

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10
Q

condyle

A

knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint.

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11
Q

cranial bones

A

skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.

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12
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft, or mid-portion of a long bone.

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13
Q

disk (disc)

A

flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disk is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

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14
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

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15
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.

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16
Q

facial bones

A

bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.

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17
Q

fissure

A

narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones.

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18
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

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19
Q

foramen

A

opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. The foramen magnum is the opening of the occiptal bone through which the spinal cord passes.

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20
Q

fossa

A

shallow cavity in a bone.

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21
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

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22
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

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23
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

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24
Q

mastoid process

A

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

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25
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
26
metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate.
27
olecranon
large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow
28
osseous tissue
bone tissue
29
ossification
process of bone formation
30
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue.
31
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.
32
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
33
phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
34
pubic symphysis
area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis.
35
red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.
36
ribs
twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. true ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
37
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
38
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone.
39
styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
40
suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).
41
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular joint of the jaw.
42
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone.
43
trochanter
large process at the neck of the femur; attachment site for tendons of the hip musculature.
44
tubercle
rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
45
tuberosity
rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons.
46
vertebra
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal.
47
xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum.
48
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.
49
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
50
kyph/o
humpback
51
lamin/o
lamina
52
lord/o
curve, sway-back
53
lumb/o
loins, lower back
54
myel/o
bone marrow
55
orth/o
straight
56
oste/o
bone
57
scoli/o
crooked, bent
58
spondyl/o
vertebra
59
vertebr/o
vertebra
60
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
61
-clast
to break
62
-listhesis
slipping
63
-malacia
softening
64
-physis
to grow
65
-porosis
pore, passage
66
-tome
instrument to cut
67
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
68
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
69
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
70
clavicul/o
clavicle
71
cost/o
ribs
72
crani/o
cranium (skull)
73
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
74
fibul/o
fibula
75
humer/o
humerus
76
ili/o
ilium
77
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)
78
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
79
mandibul/o
mandible
80
maxill/o
maxilla
81
metacarp/o
metacarpals
82
metatars/o
metatarsals
83
olecran/o
olecranon
84
patell/o
patella
85
pelv/i
pelvis
86
perone/o
fibula
87
phalang/o
phalanges
88
pub/o
pubis
89
radi/o
radius
90
scapul/o
scapula
91
stern/o
sternum
92
tars/o
tarsals
93
tibi/o
tibia
94
uln/o
ulna
95
ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children.
96
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone
97
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone.
98
osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts.
99
osteomalacia
softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.
100
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
101
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
102
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus).
103
articular cartilage
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint.
104
articulation
any type of joint
105
bursa
sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.
106
ligament
connective tissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint.
107
suture joint
immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull.
108
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
109
synovial fluid
viscous fluid within the synovial cavity. synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white.
110
synovial joint
a freely movable joint
111
synovial membrane
tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid.
112
tendon
connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.
113
ankyl/o
stiff
114
arthr/o
joint
115
articul/o
joint
116
burs/o
bursa
117
chondr/o
cartilage
118
ligament/o
ligament
119
rheumat/o
watery flow
120
synov/o
synovial membrane
121
ten/o
tendon
122
tendin/o
tendon
123
-desis
to bind, tie together
124
-stenosis
narrowing
125
arthritis
inflammation of joints
126
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine.
127
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.
128
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.
129
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.
130
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
131
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist.
132
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint.
133
ganglion
fluid-filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand.
134
herniation of an intervertebral disk (disc)
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves.
135
Lyme disease (lyme arthritis)
disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick.
136
sprain
trauma to a joint without rupture.
137
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs.
138
fascia
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.
139
insertion of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
140
origin of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a stationary bone.
141
skeletal muscle
muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle.
142
smooth muscle
visceral muscle
143
striated muscle
skeletal muscle
144
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.
145
fasci/o
fascia
146
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
147
leiomy/o
smooth muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
148
my/o
muscle
149
myocardi/o
heart muscle
150
myos/o
muscle
151
plant/o
sole of the foot
152
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
153
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
154
-asthenia
lack of strength
155
-trophy
development, nourishment
156
dorsi-
back
157
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
158
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy
159
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
160
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube.
161
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
162
serum calcium (Ca)
measurement of calcium level in serum.
163
serum creatine kinase (CK)
measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum.
164
uric acid test
measurement of uric acid in serum.
165
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space.
166
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.
167
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint.
168
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope and television camera.
169
bone density test (bone densitometry)
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass.
170
bone scan
uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone.
171
computed tomography (CT)
x-ray beam and computer provide cross-sectional and other images
172
diskography
x-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk).
173
electromyography (EMG)
recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
174
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a magnetic field creates images of soft tissue.
175
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

medical terminology (18 decks)

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