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chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

infectious disease

A

when the microbe is causing tissue damage

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2
Q

microbial antagonism

A

protects the host, prevent overgrowth of microbes

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3
Q

by products of waste in intestine

A

vit b12, riboflavin, thiamine, pryridoxine, butyric acid, propionic acetic acetic acid

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4
Q

amine and skatole

A

bad smell in gut

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5
Q

first organism in respiratory tract

A

streptococci

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6
Q

nasal entrance, vestibule, anterior nasopharynx

A

s aureus

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7
Q

mucous membrane nasopharynx

A

nisseria

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8
Q

tonsils and lower pharynx

A

hemophilus

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9
Q

are there permanant residents in lower respiratory, lung and bronchi

A

no

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10
Q

influenza, plague bacillus and malaria protozoa

A

true pathogens

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11
Q

psuedomonas and candida albicans

A

opportunist pathogens

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12
Q

what determines severity of illness?

A

virulence

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13
Q

ability of the mirobe to cause disease

A

virulence factors
-helps invade and establish in host

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14
Q

is transplacental a portal of entry

A

yes

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15
Q

STORCH

A

Syphillis, toxoplasmosis, other diseases, hep b, aids, chlamydia, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex

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16
Q

what is required for an infectious dose

A

-the minimum number of micorbes for an infection to happen

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17
Q

smaller id?

A

greater virulence
-1 measels virus to infection

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18
Q

no ID

A

no infection

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19
Q

what is glycocalyx, capsid and slime layer and viral spikes

A

form of adhesion

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20
Q

antiphagocytic factors

A

staphylococcus and streptococcus
-leukocidins

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21
Q

slime layer and phagocytosis

A

makes it hard to phagocytose and increases survival
“blocks” it

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22
Q

salmonella and ecoli

A

produce secretion system to insert virulence proteins to host cells

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23
Q

what dissolves extracellular barriers

A

exoenzyme

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24
Q

what produces toxin at site of multiplication

A

toxigenicity

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25
what is released after the cell is damages
endotoxin -made of LPS -cause endotoxic shock -shock, general malaise etc
26
what is made by living bacterial cell
exotoxin -hemolysins, AB -strep pyogenes, clostristrium botulinum, tenanti and pertusis
27
what targets specific organs
exotoxin -small protein not LPS
28
what inhibits cellular protein so it can cause damage
A protein from AB toxin -acts on ribosomes when released from vacuole
29
which is toxic (endo or exo) in small amounts?
exotoxin
30
can exotoxin be heat denatured
yes and stimulate antitoxin
31
antitoxin
antibody reacts with that toxin (exotoxin)
32
where are endotoxin from
only gram (-)
33
what is the time until first symptom
incubation -damage not enough to cause sympotoms
34
what stage is non specific complains
prodromal
35
when are the most significant symptoms
period of invasion -height of infection
36
starting to get better is which period
convalescent
37
what type of infection lets the infection spead to several sites and tissue fluid
systemic
38
An infection that breaks loose to other tissue?
focal
39
Can infection be local with only toxins in blood?
yes in toxemia ex: diptheria
40
what happens in a mixed infection?
many microbes same site -polymicrobial
41
is the secondary infection by the same microbe?
no
42
sign
based on fact and evidence, you have the disease (PA) -septicemia, chest sounds, leukopenis, antibodies in blood etc
43
symptom
the pt feels they have the disease (PT) -headache, chest tight, cramp, itch, chills, pain etc
44
what are the earliest syptoms of diease
fever, pain, sore, swelling
45
list signs of inflammation
-edema, granulomas, lymphadenitis
46
walled off collection of inflammatory cells and mcirobes?
granuloma/ abcess
47
increase WBC
leukocytosis
48
when are large numbers of microbes actively multiplying in the blood
septicemia
49
not necessarily multiplying
bacteremia and viremia
50
when does a person not seek medical attention
inapparent infection
51
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV, syphillis HPV and trichomoniases are
non symptomatic std
52
what influences the dissemination of infection?
how pathogen departs
53
if the host has recovered is the microbe gone?
not always -latency -chronic carrier -sequelae
54
after first symotom, in chronic disease where the microbe is active periodically shed during this stage
latency
55
post recovery continue to shelter and shed
chronic carrier
56
sequelae
long term and permanent damage to tissue or organs
57
where is reservoi
in natural world -primary pathogen habitat -CAN be human
58
source
where the infection comes from
59
2 types of living reservoirs
carrier and passive carrier
60
carrier
Inconspicuously shelters pathogen and spread it -might or might not experience the disease
61
passive carrier
Healthcare provider picks up pathogen transfers it to other patients -CDIFF -nosocomoal infection (from hosptial stay)
62
which carrier spreads infection during incubation period
incubation carrier
63
what carrier recovers without symptoms?
Convalescent
64
what is a live animal that transmits the microbe from one host to another
vector (arthopods) can be mammal, lower vert.
65
Biological vector
Actively participates in the pathogen lifecycle
66
what vector is not necessary to the lifecycle of a microbe and it's just for transportation
Mechanical vector, not infected
67
when is a disease communicable?
an infected host transmits to another host and establishes infection in them
68
Highly communicable means what
contagious
69
how can someone acquire a non-communicable disease?
-their own microbiotia -contact with non living reservoir -fungal infection
70
aeresole droplets are what type of contact?
directs
71
indirect contact
from host to intermediate conveyer to another host -vehicle (not alive) or vector -can be droplet nuclei or aerosols suspended in air for long time
72
droplet nuclei
dry airborne secretions (tb and flu)
73
aerosols can be
airborne animal waste or in soil
74
noscomial infections are mostly caused by
opportunistic, surgery, drug resistant pathogen -microbe has to be present, pt immunocompromised and staff transmits it
75

micro (23 decks)

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