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micro > chapter 8 pt 2 > Flashcards

chapter 8 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

oxidative phsosphorylation

A

redox reactions during respuration pathway

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2
Q

photophosphorylation

A

atp is formed utilizing the energy of sunlight

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3
Q

fermentation happens from

A

facultative anaerobes

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4
Q

nutrient processing is based on?

A

three catabolic pathways that convert glucose to CO 2 and gives off energy
-aerobic respiration
-anaerobic respiration
-fermentation

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5
Q

aerobic respiration

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, respiration chain
-enzyme catalyzed reactions where electrons are transferred from fuel molecules (glucose) to oxygen as a final electron acceptor

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6
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, respiration chain, molecular oxygen is NOT the final electron acceptor

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7
Q

fermentation

A

glycolysis and organic compounds are the final electron acceptors

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8
Q

glycolysis

A

glucose is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3c) and NADH is generated
-happens in cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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9
Q

glucose

A

6 carbon sugar

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10
Q

TCA

A

processes pyruvic acid and generates 3 carbon dioxide molecules, NADH, and FADH2

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11
Q

electron transport chain

A

accepts electrons from NADH and FADH
-generates energy through sequential redox reactions called oxidative phosphorylation

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12
Q

result of glycolysis

A

-2 atp
-2 nadh
-2 pyruvic acid

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13
Q

ETC

A

final processing of electrons and hydrogen
-major generator of ATP
-chain of redox carriers that get electrons from the reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2)

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14
Q

where is the ETC

A

-mitochondria of eukaryotes
-cell membrane of prokaryotes

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15
Q

what moves electrons down the chain?

A

ETS
-energy is released and then captures to be used by ATP synthase complexes to make ATP

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16
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

ATP synthase making ATP from captured energy released by ETS

17
Q

chemiosmosis

A

movement of protons
-electron carriers moving electrons which pumps h ions/ protons across the membrane which sets up a gradient

18
Q

proton motive force

A

the gradient generated by etc
-h ions will diffuse back through the ATP synthase complex which rotates causing a 3 d change that will produce ATP

19
Q

what is oxygen

A

the final electron acceptor
-accepts 2 electrons from the ETS anf then picks up 2 H ions from the solution to form water molecule

20
Q

what is cytochrome oxidase used for?

A

bacterial identification
-last enzyme in electron transport chain
-large transmembrane protein

21
Q

NADH

A

can make 3 ATP

22
Q

FADH2

A

can make 2 ATP

23
Q

what needs oxygen to work

A

krebs cycle

24
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

uses oxygen containing ions instead of free oxygen as the final electron acceptor
-nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-)

25
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

use h+ generated during glycolysis and the krebs cycle to reduce compounds instead of O2

26
Q

what is fermentation?

A

incomplete oxidation of glucose or carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen
-can grow w oxygen it is facultative

27
Q

fermentation

A

-uses organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors
-yields a small amount of atp
-makes ethyl alcohol from yeast acting on glucose
-makes acid, gas and other products bc of the action of bacteria on pyruvic acid

28
Q

fermentation needs what to capture electrons

A

oxygen

29
Q

photosynthesis

A

6co2 + 6 h20 –> add light, C6H12O6 + 6CO2

30
Q

has 2 stages

A

photosynthesis
-light dependant
-light independant

31
Q

light dependant photosynthesis

A

photons absorbed by chlorophyll, cartenoid and phycobilin pigments
-water is split by releasing oxygen gas which gives electrons and drives photophosphorylation
-released light enery used to synthesize ATP and NADPH

32
Q

light independant reaction

A

-dark reactions
-calvin cycle will use ATP to fix CO2 to ribulose 1, 5-biphosphate and convert it to glucose

33
Q

what are dynamic processes

A

the building and breakdown of macromolecules
-these reactions are catalyzed by catalytic proteins (enzymes)

34
Q

breakdown of glucose?

A

releases energy that is stored as ATP
-happens through glysoclysis, krebs cycle, etc

35
Q

energy harvesting?

A

involves the transfer of electrons

36
Q

in aerobic respiration?

A

o2 is the final electron acceptor and it will split to form water
-can result in nasty forms of oxygen/ radical species
-releases co2 and the carbons are the remnants of glucose

37
Q

fermentation happens when?

A

absense of oxygen and the organism will function only on glycolysis
-recycles NADH- back to NAD+ which acculumates byproducts like acid and alcohol (poison in a closed system)

38
Q
A

micro (23 decks)

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