chapter 13 Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is social psychology
The scientific study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts, focusing on the influence of social interactions and group dynamics.
what is the bystander effect
A social phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present, often due to diffusion of responsibility.
what is darley and latane’s research
A series of studies conducted by John Darley and Bibb Latané that explored the bystander effect, demonstrating how the presence of others affects helping behavior.
what is a stereotype
A widely held but oversimplified and generalized belief or idea about a particular group of people.
what is a self fulfilling prophecy
A belief or expectation that influences a person’s behavior in a way that causes it to become true.
what is attribution theory
A psychological framework that explores how individuals explain the causes of their own and others’ behaviors, typically categorized as internal or external attributions.
what is the false consensus effect
A cognitive bias whereby people overestimate the extent to which others share their beliefs, opinions, and behaviors.
what is positive illusion
A tendency to hold overly favorable views of oneself, which can enhance self-esteem and emotional well-being.
what is self serving bias
The habit of attributing positive events to one’s own character but attributing negative events to external factors.
what is self objectification
The process of internalizing an observer’s perspective on one’s own body, leading to viewing oneself as an object to be evaluated rather than as a whole person.
what is social facilitation
The tendency for individuals to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks in the presence of others compared to when they are alone.
what are attitudes
Evaluative responses or feelings toward a person, object, or event, often shaped by experiences and beliefs.
what is the primacy effect
The tendency to better remember the first items in a list or sequence, often because they receive more attention and rehearsal.
what is cognitive dissonance
The psychological discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes, leading individuals to seek consistency.
what is conformity
The act of changing one’s beliefs or behaviors to match those of others, often influenced by social norms or peer pressure.
what is altruism
Selfless concern for the well-being of others, often resulting in behavior that benefits others at a personal cost.
what is social contagion
The phenomenon where thoughts, feelings, and behaviors spread among individuals in a group, similar to the spread of a virus.
what is social loafing
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone, often due to reduced accountability.
what is groupthink
A psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in irrational decision-making or poor outcomes.
what is ethnocentrism
The tendency to evaluate other cultures according to the standards of one’s own culture, often leading to the belief in the superiority of one’s own culture.
what is prejudice
A preconceived negative judgment or attitude toward a group and its members, often based on stereotypes.
