Chapter 13 Flashcards
(109 cards)
Thyroxine
A hormone secreted by the thyroid gland
Growth Hormone
Somatotropin
Thyroglobulin
Biochemical secreted by cells of the thyroid gland that stores thyroid hormones
The System includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood stream
Endocrine
Which of the follow glands does not belong to the endocrine system? A. Pituitary B. thyroid C. Parathyroid D. Salivary
Salivary
Which of the following is not a chemical class of hormones? A. Protein B. steroid C. Glycoproteins D. Carbohydrate
No hormone is a carbohydrate by itself
Which of these is not a steroid ? A. Adrenalin B. cholesterol C. Progesterone D. Cortisone
Cholesterol is the parent steroid
Which factor is a direct cause of rheumatoid Arthritis symptoms? A. Prostaglandin B. cortisone C. Cortisol D. Arachidonic acid
There are several types of prostaglandins which cause inflammation of joints or related structures. Cortisone is used as an anti inflammatory drug
Which of the following is not a property of prostaglandins? A. Regulate blood pressure B. effect reproductive functions C. Influence kidney Na+ movement D. All of these functions
Prostaglandins are mediators in almost all physiologic functions, normal as well as the abnormal disease alterations
Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition? A. Insulin lowers blood sugar B. GH causes osteoblast division C. PTH raises blood calcium levels D. Low blood sugar inhibits insulin
Negative feedback occurs whenever a parameter, such as sugar, causes a hormone to cease or reduce its activity; the other are examples of positive feedback
Releasing hormones are produced by the A. Hypothalamus B. pituitary C. Thyroid D. Adrenal cortex
The releasing hormones are chemical factors that are secreted from the hypothalamus into the pituitary in order to control the release of the pituitary hormones
Which of these hormones controls the ability to produce milk? A. ACTH B. PRL C. FSH D. Melanocytes
PRL or prolactin
Which is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism? A. Loss of weight B. protruding eyes C. Increased heart rate D. Increased ability to sleep
Thyroxine increases metabolic rate and can cause a state of restlessness, intellectual abilities are actually enhanced
Grave's disease can cause all of these except A. Exophthalmos B. a positive autoimmune test C. General edema D. Intolerance to heat
General edema is a symptom of myxedema or hypothyroidism not Graves’ disease. Thyrotoxicosis can cause post-orbital edema and is probably related to autoimmune factors
Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine? A. Parathyroid B. thyroid C. Ovary D. Pituitary
Thyroid, the thyroxine hormones, T4 and T3 will incorporate the radioactive iodine the same way they would normal iodine, which than can be traced by the radiation counter devices
The Directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin? A. Thyroxine B. parathormone C. Insulin D. Glucocorticoid
Parathormone or PTH acts to increase blood levels of calcium and bone resorption which is the opposite of calcitonin effects
What is the most active form of vitamin D? A. 7-dehydrocholesterol B. hydroxycholecalciferol C. Cholecalciferol D. Dihydroxycholecalciferol
Dehydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D originates from the steroid cholesterol which will undergo several conversions before becoming active (D3).
What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D? A. Kidney function B. the diet C. Intestinal conversion D. Sunlight on the skin
Kidney function, cholesterol conversion progresses from the skin to the insestines and finally reaches completion in the hormonally vitamin D3
The Gland is important for producing immunity A. Thyroid B. pituitary C. Thymus D. Pancreas
The thymus gland produces thymosin and other factors which account for the activity of the T cell lymphocytes
Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulate the production of blood cells? A. Kidney B. heart C. Liver D. Pancreas
Kidney, it secretes erythropoietin which stimulates blood cell formation in periods do need or stress
In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased except... A. Blood sugar B. heart rate C. Blood pressure D. Digestion
Digestion, stress tends to increase sympathetic nervous arousal which is antagonistic to normal digestion mad which could result in stomach ulcers or other gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea
Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect
A. Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures
B. steroids can pass thru their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus
C. Steroid employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response
D. Estrogen and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones
C. Steroids cause gene expression. Non steroids use 2nd messengers
Prostaglandins are. Substances that regulate neighboring cells A. Endocrine B. paracrine C. Eccrine D. Glycoproteins
B. local signals are called paracrine
Which is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others? A. Testosterone B. cholesterol C. Vitamin D D. Estrogen
B. all of the steroids including vitamin D are in equilibrium with their dietary precursor cholesterol, cholesterol by itself is not considered a hormone