Chapter 18 Flashcards
(100 cards)
Which of the following does not belong to e others? A. Lignin B. cellulose C. Glycogen D. Pectin
C. Glycogen
All of these are complex carbohydrates, but glycogen is produced by animal sources and is the only one of these that is digestible by humans
Which one is most commonly oxidized for energy? A. Fructose B. glucose C. Galactose D. Sucrose
B. glucose
Which one is not utilized for energy? A. Glucose B. glycogen C. Ribose D. Galactose
C. Ribose
Which tissue cannot store glycogen or lipids for energy A. Nervous B. skeletal muscle C. Liver D. Cardiac
A. Nervous
Nervous tissue, especially in the brain, cannot store carbohydrates and must receive a constant supply of glucose
Which one is not a protein derivative? A. Collagen B. keratin C. Hemoglobin D. Cortisol
D. Cortisol
Nutritional edema will develop in a ? Deficiency. A. Protein B. carbohydrate C. Lipid D. Electrolyte
A. Protein
Nutritional edema refers to the increase in tissue fluids due to the lower blood osmotic pressure caused by blood protein deficiencies, proteins are active osmotic molecules which remain within capillaries
How many calories are needed to raise 10 grams of water from 27 to 37 degrees Celsius
100 cal
The calorie (cal) is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Which food would yield the greatest number of calories A. 10 grams steak B. 10 grams bread C. 10 grams cheese D. 15 gram rice
C. 10 gram cheese
Theoretically, fats yield 9.5 calories per gram while carbohydrate and protein each yield 4.1 calories in each gram. Therefore 10 grams of cheese would have the greates amount of fat calories
Which one would be most accurate in the assessment of a basal metabolic rate A. Oxygen consumption B. total calories consumed C. Total calories burned D. Blood pressure
A. Oxygen consumption
Since most energy reactions use oxygen and convert it to water, the consumption of oxygen would closely correlate with the total amount of energy being produced
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be used to synthesize the vitamin ? In human cells A. Riboflavin B. niacin C. Cyanocobalamin D. Folic acid
B. niacin
Niacin or nicotinic acid is found in plants and niacinamide is the animal form, humans can synthesize niacin from tryptophan
Coenzymes I and II have ? As part of their structures A. Folic acid B. pantothenate C. Niacin D. Riboflavin
C. Niacin
Niacin is part of NAD, coenzyme I or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and NADP or coenzyme II
Which one is a niacin defiency A. Beriberi B. rickets C, pellagra D. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Pellagra
Pellagra is a deficiency resulting in skin, digestive and neurological impairments
Beriberi results from thiamine deficiency
Pyridoxine is a chemical name for vitamin
B6
B6 is called pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxamine
Acetyl coenzyme A has ? In its structure A. Flavoprotein B. folic acid C. Niacin D. Pantothenic acid
D. Pantothenic acid
Pantothenic acid is absolutely essential because it is part of acetyl-coenzyme-A which enters the citric acid or Kreb’s cycle
Pernicious anemia will develop in the absence of intrinsic factor or vitamin ?
B12
Cyan cobalamin is essential for the production of red blood cells, its absorption is gastric intrinsic factor
Choose the carbohydrate that is not a monosaccharide absorbed from the digestive tract A. Fructose B. maltose C. Galactose D. Glucose
B. maltose
Maltose is a disaccharide
Which cells of the body, under normal circumstances, must have energy in the form of glucose in order to survive A. Skin cells B. muscle cells C. Neurons D. Cells of the liver
C. Neurons
Neurons do not possess the enzymes necessary to process sources of energy
How does the body make use of dietary cholesterol?
It is used for structural material in cell membranes
Cholesterol is a vital portion of the cell membrane
The American heart association recommends that dietary fat should constitute no more than ? Of daily caloric intake
30%
Daily input of fats should not exceed 30% of total calories
Which is not one of the ways the body uses dietary protein
A. To help regulate osmotic balance of the blood
B. as an energy source
C. For building and repairing tissue
D. To synthesize bile
D. To synthesize bile
In order to prevent protein loss, an adult must consume at least ? Grams of carbohydrate daily.
125
Estimates are around 100-125 gms of carbohydrates are required daily to prevent protein breakdown, amounts over 300 are probably excessive and can be converted to fats
Which of the following is most likely used for energy? A. Cholesterol B. triglycerides C. Phospholipid D. Fats
B. triglycerides
Of the lipids, the triglycerides are normally used for energy, cholesterol is the precursor for steroid hormones, and along with phospholipids, is never burnt for energy
Which one can be synthesized by the liver A. Cholesterol B. linolenic acid C. Arachidonic aid D. Linolenic acid
A. Cholesterol
Certain fatty acids such as linoleic acid cannot be synthesized in the liver and are called Essen because they must be supplied in the diet, the liver plays an active role in cholesterol biosynthesis
A diet that is ? % fat is considered healthy
Under 30%
The am heart association recommends less than 30% fat to reduce the risk of coronary disease, along with a preference of unsaturated over saturated fats