Chapter 13

Question 1

Social psychology?

Answer 1

focuses on understanding the context of human behavior.

• The presence of other people
• Social activity and inter personal interactions
• The expectations and social norms about “typical” behavior

Question 2

What are the two main schools of thought for how our behavior is affected in social environment’s?

Answer 2

1. ) situationism: external environment influences thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in both subtle and overt ways
2. ) Dispositionsism: behaviors are a product of internal factors, including genetics, personality traits, and personal character qualities.

Question 3

Who is and what did Norman Triplett do?

Answer 3

Observed cyclist: found that the group settings increased results in training.

Question 4

What is social facilitation?

Answer 4

performance is enhanced around others

Question 5

What determines acceptable behaviors?

Answer 5

social role: socially defined pattern of behavior.
( How you act around different people and environments)
Social norms: the expectations that a group has for what behaviors and attitudes are acceptable among its members.

Question 6

How do schemas play a role in social behavior?

Answer 6

• provides a framework for the understanding topics, events, people or situations
• schemas are vital in helping us know what to expect
• and how to respond to people and situations

Question 7

Stereotypes?

Answer 7

Rigid ( potentially false) expectations of beliefs about a group based on schemas.
- leading to bias in interactions and behavior with members of that group

Question 8

What is stereotype threat?

Answer 8

when a member of a negatively stereotyped group performs poorly, due to pressure from the stereotype

( stereotype may not have to be true)

Question 9

What is the stereotype threat in testing?

Answer 9

• Intelligence test are biased toward white males
• there is a stereotype that African Americans are less intelligent, which led them to perform worse on intelligence tests.
• When the same test was labeled reasoning test, performance differences disappeared

Question 10

What did Spencer, Steele, and Quinn find about testing reinforcements?

Answer 10

When testing situation reinforces a negative stereotype, stereotype threat is more prominent.
Ex: men and women take a math test, but the women are told the stereotype is women score more poorly and this made them women score way worse than when they were not told this.

Question 11

The Robber’s Cave Studies?

Who Studied this?

Answer 11

1. ) realistic conflict theory: prejudice, stereotypes, and conflict due to competition over limited resources
2. ) Muzafer Sherif

Question 12

summarization of of Robber’s Cave Study?

Answer 12

phase 1: bonding
phase 2: competition
Phase 3: Reducing Friction

Question 13

What is conformity?

Answer 13

in social situations, people often exhibit the chameleon effect:

• mimic others spoken thoughts and behaviors to fit in
• tendency to adopt the attitudes, behaviors, and opinions of a group

Question 14

The Asch Effect?

Answer 14

Conformity in which a group majority influences individuals’ judgment about otherwise unambiguous stimulus

Question 15

When is conformity liekly?

Answer 15

Unanimous majority
large group size
when behavior or thoughts will be public
when answers are not immediately obvious
majority is viewed as high status
individual has low self esteem

Question 16

Groupthink?

Answer 16

When group members attempt to conform their ideas and opinions to reach what they believe the group wants.

Question 17

When does groupthink occur?

Answer 17

Strongly directive leadership outside the group
high group cohesion
isolation of the group from other groups
lack of enforcement of good methodologies and ideologies
stressful work situations

Question 18

Stanley Milgram?

Answer 18

inspired by Asch and the holocaust
studied “obedience to authority”
“ Shock experiment”
(2/3) delivered the maximum voltage

Question 19

Milgram, why do people obey authority?

Answer 19

• When peer first models obedient behavior
• A form of obseravtional leraning
• A victim could not be seen or heard
• When under direct surveillance
• When authority figure had a higher status