Chapter five from the book Flashcards
Zygote:
The fertilized eff; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.
Embryo:
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilizations through the second month
Fetus:
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
teratogens (literally, “monster makers”):
agents, such as chemicals and
viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and
cause harm
habituation:
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants
gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and
they look away sooner.
maturation:
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in
behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
cognition:
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating.
scaffold:
in Vygotsky’s theory, a framework that offers children temporary
support as they develop higher levels of thinking.
autism spectrum disorder (ASD):
a disorder that appears in childhood and is
marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and
by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.
basic trust:
according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and
trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with
responsive caregivers.
self-concept:
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the
question, “Who am I?”
What are the different kinds of parenting styles and what do they entail?
Authoritarian: parents are coercive. They impose rules and expect
obedience: “Don’t interrupt.” “Keep your room clean.” “Don’t stay out late
or you’ll be grounded.” “Why? Because I said so.”
2. Permissive: parents are unrestraining. They make few demands, set few
limits, and use little punishment.
3. Negligent: parents are uninvolved. They are neither demanding nor
responsive. They are careless, inattentive, and do not seek to a close
relationship with their children.
4. Authoritative: parents are confrontive. They are both demanding and
responsive. They exert control by setting rules, but, especially with older
children, they encourage open discussion and allow exceptions.
adolescence:
the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from
puberty to independence.
What is stage 1 ?
Stage 1 conflict:
what is the virtue gained?
What is the age span this affects?
- infancy Trust vs. Mistrust, infant relies on the care of the mother. He can trust the mother to provide consistent and attention to the child's needs. 2.) Hope 3.) 0-18 months
What is stage 2 ?
Stage 2 conflict:
what is the virtue gained?
What is the age span this affects?
- Toddlerhood Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt, parents allowing their children to participate in independent tasks. 2.) will 3.) 2-4 years
